Concetti Chiave
- The United Kingdom is formed by England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, with a constitutional monarchy led by Queen Elizabeth II.
- The UK government is run by a cabinet of ministers from the majority party in Parliament, with the Prime Minister residing at 10 Downing Street.
- The UK features diverse landscapes, from Scotland's wild lakes to Northern Ireland's low mountains, and a coastline of cliffs, beaches, and fishing towns.
- The English Channel separates the UK from France, historically protecting it from invasions, and now connected to Europe by a tunnel.
- London, founded by the Romans, evolved through invasions and historical events, becoming a major metropolis known for its shops, streets, and cultural heritage.
Indice
Political environment in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a union of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The Head of the State has been Queen Elizabeth II since 8 September 2022. From that date, King Charles succeeded to the throne.
The Queens or the Kings reign, but they do not rule. A cabinet of ministers rules the country. These ministers belong to the political has a majority in Parliament.
Nowadays to two main political parties in Great Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.
United Kingdom: geography and landscapes
The countryside in the UK is varied.Northern Scotland, for example, is a wild region full of lakes while Northern Ireland has low mountains and beautiful fields.
The British coastline is a combination of steep cliffs, golden beaches, rocks, and small fishing towns.
The English Channel separates Britain from France. It has helped to protect Britain from invasion.
Since 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded the country, big tunnel joins England to the rest of Europe.
The United Kingdom has a population of about 57 million people.
There are important universities such as London University (founded in 1836), Cambridge (founded in 1534), Oxford (founded in 1096) and St Andrew’s University in Scotland (founded in 1413). Oxford is the oldest university in Britain.
British government and the Parliament
Elisabeth II was the sovereign until 2022 while nowadays Charles III is the king. He has the power to appoint the Prime Minister.Who is generally the leader of the majority party in Parliament, the Prime Minister lives in London at W. 10 Dawning Street. He/She chooser his/her ministers.
Parliament is the real government.
It is made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The 650 members of the House of are elected by the people over the age of 18 while the members of the House of Lords are not elected at all. Most of the members of the House of Lords are hereditary members. The two Houses of Parliament meet in the Palace of Westminster.
History of London: from the origin to the present days
London was founded by the Romans in the years 43 A.D. They gave it the name of Londinium. The most visible remains of the Roman period are the straigt roads. When the Romans went away, the town declined.The Anglo-Saxons arrived from northern Europe and settle the region. Other peoples invaded the Island like the Vikings and the Normans.
In the 1066 William the Conqueror become King of England. Under his reigns the tower of London was built to protect the city.
In the Middle Age London became an important city with fine buildings, narrow streets, gothic churches and cathedrals.
London became also famous for its theatres under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
Unfortunately theatres were shut down after the Civil War.
In 1066 a fire started in the City and destroyed part of it. Many people died and many buildings were destroyed.
Today London is a big metropolis with elegant shops, street, cafés and boutiques.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuáles son los países que conforman el Reino Unido?
- ¿Quién es el jefe de estado del Reino Unido y cuál es su papel?
- ¿Cómo se elige al Primer Ministro en el Reino Unido?
- ¿Qué importancia histórica tiene Londres y cómo ha evolucionado?
El Reino Unido está compuesto por cuatro países: Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales e Irlanda del Norte.
La jefa de estado es la Reina Isabel II, quien reina pero no gobierna; el gobierno está a cargo de un gabinete de ministros.
El Primer Ministro es generalmente el líder del partido mayoritario en el Parlamento y es nombrado por la Reina.
Londres fue fundada por los romanos y ha evolucionado de ser una ciudad con edificios medievales a una gran metrópoli moderna.
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