Riassunto esame Icy policies and cybersecurity, Prof. Bicchi Federica, libro consigliato Digital International Relations Technology, Agency and Order , Markus Kornprobst, Corneliu Bjola

Digital International Relations Technology, Agency and Order - Markus Kornprobst and Corneliu Bjola (no chapter 1 and conclusions) Introduction (…) Digital international relations: the disruptive interplay of digital technologies and power structures in global politics responsible for altering ontological foundations of agency, shaping hybrid patterns of conflict and cooperation, and streaming the formation of new international political orders. Three major technological sources of digital disruption: datafication, speed and pervasiveness Three broad agential mechanism: forcing, enticing and winning over Two ordering layers: foreground and background Meta-theoretical premises of our digital disruption map and identifies its key conceptual components: technological, agential and ordering processes. Technological process: Big Data has become the most valuable commodity of our age, the ‘new oil’ to fuel the next stage of economic development it is the companion process of ‘datafication’ that is responsible for value creation by tracking, aggregating and analysing the underlying information and data points that the ‘raw material’ offers information, and the datafication techniques developed for processing it, are increasingly treated as a strategic resource, which in turn facilitates the rise of a new era of information geopolitics. The ability of state and non-state actors to deploy datafication methods to understand, predict and generate events of strategic relevance. speed at which new digital technologies enter the global market and are mass adopted. As a consequence, processes of data generation and datafication are increasingly expected to take place in real time, making it possible for knowledge to be accessed and experienced instantly Chapter 2: The State in the Digital Era Supreme or in Decline? Balance of players: In what ways does the new technology alter the hierarchy, not among states, but among states and other actors? There are other actors that due to their influence on cyberspace, actors other than states challenge their customary dominance in core areas of national security and international affairs. “Agential” processes, whereby interstate dealings are increasingly influenced by nontraditional actors (such as large technology firms) that must be forced, enticed, or won over in efforts by states to impose order upon a complex technological world that they neither own nor (in many instances) dominate. The state has partly receded in its traditionally preponderant role and private players have begun to fill the statist void both as threat actors and as security providers. Cyberspace has not made governments irrelevant, and the utopians’ vision remains remote. Far likelier to materialise is Schmidt’s vision of a bifurcated Internet in which the state suppresses large online human activity. The expansion of cyberspace has given rise to partial forms of state absence in important aspects (national security, energy