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Light's classification of parapneumonic effusion and empyema
CLASS 1 NON SIGNIFICANT PLEURAL EFFUSION
small, < 10mm thick on rx-ll
NO TORACENTESIS INDICATED
CLASS 2 TYPICAL PARAPNEUMONIC PLEURAL EFFUSION
> 10 mm thick
glucosio > 40
pH > 7,20
LDH > 3 x upper limit normal for serum
Gram's stain and colture negative
ANTIBIOTICS ALONE
CLASS 3 BORDERLINE COMPLICATED PLEURAL EFFUSION
glucosio > 40
pH 7,00 - 7,20
LDH > 3 x upper limit normal for serum
Gram's stain and colture negative
ANTIBIOTICS + SERIAL TORACENTESIS
CLASS 4 SIMPLE COMPLICATED PLEURAL EFFUSION
NOT LOCULATED - NOT FRANK PUS
glucosio < 40
pH < 7,00
LDH > 3 x upper limit normal for serum
Gram's stain and colture POSITIVE
ANTIBIOTICS + TUBE TORACOSTOMY
CLASS 5 COMPLEX COMPLICATED PLEURAL EFFUSION
LOCULATED - NOT FRANK PUS
glucosio < 40
pH < 7,00
LDH > 3 x
upper limit normal for serumGram's stain and colture POSITIVE
TUBE TORACOSTOMY + FIBRINOLITICS... rarely require thoracoscopy or decortication...
"CLASS 6 SIMPLE EMPYEMA... FRANK PUS PRESENT (single locule or free flowing)... TUBE TORACOSTOMY and (DECORTICATION)"
"CLASS 7 COMPLEX EMPYEMA... FRANK PUS PRESENT (multiple locules)... TUBE TORACOSTOMY + FIBRINOLITICS... often require thoracoscopy or decortication..."