Linguistica Inglese I Esame Orale Completo Unicatt

IPA: Voicing, Place & Manner

What is IPA? IPA is a sound alphabet: /s/ /ʃ/

"S"

• /s/ - shake
• /z/ - rose
• /ʃ/ - sure
• /ʒ/ - pleasure

What makes a consonant?

• Voicing
• Place
• Manner

Voicing

• Unvoiced = f, t, p, s
• Voiced = v, d, b, z

Place

Where the letter sounds in your mouth & throat. To make any sounds you need to blow air out of your throat. If you don’t feel in the way you’re making a vowel. If you do you make a consonant that is usually done by putting two parts of your mouth together.

Articulators:

• Passive = doesn’t move.
• Active = moves towards the other part.

ACTIVE ARTICULATORS = BOTTOM LIPS

PASSIVE ARTICULATOR = upper lip.

BILABIAL

ACTIVE = Bottom lip

PASSIVE = upper teeth

LABIODENTAL

ACTIVE = tip of tongue

PASSIVE = upper teeth

DENTAL

ACTIVE = tip of tongue

PASSIVE = alveolar ridge

ALVEOLAR

ACTIVE = tip of tongue

PASSIVE = behind all. ridge

POST ALVEOLAR

ACTIVE = mid/back tongue

PASSIVE = soft palate

PALATAL

ACTIVE = mid/back tongue

PASSIVE = back of soft palate

VELAR

ACTIVE = mid/back tongue

PASSIVE = uvula

UVULAR

ACTIVE = tongue root

PASSIVE = back of the throat

PHARYNGIAL

ACTIVE = vocal chords

PASSIVE = vocal chords

GLOTTAL

GLOTTAL STOP /?li in between words/ uh?oh huh?uh

when you bring them completely together.

Rhythm and Stress - Timing

Rhythm

English has an alternation from strong to weak syllables. If we didn't have predictable places for stress we wouldn't have rhythm.

Timing

• Contraction of words to fit in the time lap we have.

Ex. Baton Rouge ➞ B'ton Rouge

• Extension of a syllable to fit better the gap. Ex.

Although we know that weak syllables make English harder for the non-native speaker, we can't make them all strong because the language wouldn't sound as English anymore.

Rhythm & Perception

• Non-native listener
  • weak speaker, make comprehension differe'nt
  • rhythmic patterns make repetition easier.

• Native listener
  • Use of rhythmic information between native speakers is important for word recognition and conversational negotiation.