Il present simple di be
Costruzione del present simple
Forma affermativa
| Forma completa | Forma contratta |
|---|---|
| I am | I'm |
| You are | You're |
| He/she/it is | He's/she's/it's |
| We are | We're |
| You are | You're |
| They are | They're |
Forma negativa
| Forma completa | Forma contratta |
|---|---|
| I am not | I'm not |
| You are not | You aren't / You're not |
| He/she/it is not | He's/she's/it's not / He isn't / She isn't / It isn't |
| We are not | We aren't / We're not |
| You are not | You aren't / You're not |
| They are not | They aren't / They're not |
Forma interrogativa
Am I?
Are you?
Is he/she/it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
Uso del present simple
Si usa il present simple per:
- Dire chi siamo → I'm Steve and this is my friend Bill.
- Parlare del tempo atmosferico → It's cold today.
- Parlare del tempo → It's ten o'clock.
- Parlare dei luoghi → Milan is in the north of Italy.
- Parlare dell'età delle persone → My sister is six.
- Dire come ci sentiamo → I'm happy.
- Salutare → Hello. How are you?
- Scusarsi → I'm sorry I'm late.
- Descrivere le cose → It isn't expensive, it's cheap.
- Parlare di fatti o azioni che risultano sempre vere → She comes from France.
- Parlare di fatti che avvengono regolarmente → We watch tv at eight o'clock every day.
- Con espressioni che indicano frequenza (twice a week, often) → We watch tv every evening.
- Parlare di ciò che si sente o si prova → I like pop music / he feels sick.
- Parlare di ciò che si pensa o si sa → I don't think she likes her new job.
N.B. Gli avverbi di frequenza (always, never, often, usually) si mettono prima del verbo principale, ma dopo il verbo be.
- I never go to bed after midnight.
- I don't often visit my grandparents.
- He is usually late for school.
Si usa spesso there + be (es. there is / there are) per dire dove si trovano oggetti e luoghi:
- Ex: There's a supermarket in this street. (singolare)
- Ex: There are some good restaurants in the centre of the town. (plurale)
Forme verbali nel present simple
Con il present simple si aggiunge una -s per le forme di he/she/it:
- I start → he starts
Se un verbo termina con -ch, -o, -sh, -ss o -x, si aggiunge -es per le forme di he/she/it:
- I watch → he watches
- You do → he does
- They finish → he finishes
- I miss → he misses
- You fix → he fixes
- They go → he goes
Se un verbo termina con una consonante + y, si cambia -y in -ies per le forme di he/she/it:
- I study → he studies
- I fly → he flies
Domande nel present simple
Nelle domande le parole come when/where/why ecc.. si mettono prima di do/does:
Where do you work?
Si può usare how often..? per fare domande che riguardano abitudini o procedure solite:
How often do you play tennis?
Uso del present simple per il futuro
- Si usa when (= quando) + present simple per riferirsi a un momento preciso del futuro: I'll buy a magazine when I'm in the newsagent's.
- Si usa until (= fino a) + present simple per indicare un'azione che va dal momento in cui si parla a un momento del futuro: We'll sit outside until it gets dark.
- Si usa as soon as + present simple con il significato di “non appena”: They'll start playing as soon as it stops raining.
- Si usa before + present simple con il significato di “prima”: I'm going to finish this work before I go.
Il present continuous
Costruzione del present continuous
SOGGETTO + BE + VERBO ALLA -ING FORM
Ex: I + AM + EATING
Per fare la forma -ing si aggiunge la particella -ing al verbo semplicemente. Ci sono però delle variazioni ortografiche talvolta:
- Swim → swimming
- Travel → travelling
- Dance → dancing
- Write → writing
Forma affermativa
| Forma completa | Forma contratta |
|---|---|
| I am eating | I'm eating |
| You are eating | You're eating |
| He/she/it is eating | He's/she's/it's eating |
| We are eating | We're eating |
| You are eating | You're eating |
| They are eating | They're eating |
Forma negativa
| Forma completa | Forma contratta |
|---|---|
| I am not eating | I'm not eating |
| You are not eating | You aren't / You're not eating |
| He/she/it is not eating | He's/she's/it's not eating / He isn't / She isn't / It isn't eating |
| We are not eating | We aren't / We're not eating |
| You are not eating | You aren't / You're not eating |