Inglese - grammatica

Lezione 1:

• 6 maggio non c'è lezione
• Ripasseremo le grammatica per superare l'esame.
• Faremo le simulazioni
• Sito: englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises-list/alle-grammar.htm
• Esame
  1. grammatica esercizi - attivo e passivo
     • modale
     • periodo ipotetico
     • passiva dell'attivo
  2. domande aperte sul libro.

SIMULATA: prime 5 domande

1. They are reading the papers at the moment.
   • The papers are being read at the moment
   PASSAGGIO DALL'ATTIVO AL PASSIVO
2. We have more toys than them.
   • They have fewer toys than us.
   usato nei sostantivi plurali.
3. If she keeps answering back, he'll ground her forever.
   • He said if she kept answering back, he would ground her for ever/for good.
   PERIODO IPOTETICO DISCEORSO INDIRETTO DIRETTO - INDIRETTO
4. Mum said to Johnny, "stop playing videogames"!
   • Mum told Johnny to stop playing videogames
5. We have never looked after our neighbours' children.
   • Our neighbours' children have never been looked after by us.

LEZIONE 1:

• 6 maggio non c'è lezione
• Ri passeremo la grammatica per superare l’esame.
• Faremo le simulazioni
• Sito: englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises-list/alle-grammar.htm
• Esame:
  1. grammatica esercizi - attivo e passivo
     • modode
     • periodo ipotetico
     • passiva dell'attivo
  2. domande aperte su libro.

SIMULATA: prime 5 domande

1. They are reading the papers at the moment. The papers are being read at the moment
2. We have more toys than them. They have fewer toys than us. Usaro nei sostantivi flurali.
3. If she keeps answering back, he'll ground her forever. He said if she kept answering back, he would ground her for ever/for good
4. Mum said to Johnny, 'stop playing videogames'! Mum told Johnny to stop playing videogames
5. We have never looked after our neighbours' children. Our neighbours' children have never been looked after by us.

Tell than... ➜ solo per raccontare

Tell + pronome personale

For good ➜ per sempre

Harbour ➜ bordo

Should + infinito

Accident ➜ incidente (stradale)

Injure ➜

To give up (smettere) + gerundio

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

BE GOING TO FUTURE

PAST PROGRESSIVE

CONDITIONAL

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE ➜

COMPLEMENTO DI TEMPO

PRESENT SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE

ESERCIZI: Forma passiva

1. Who said it?Who was it said by?
2. We must write to herShe must be written to by us
3. Rick told Sue to give up smokingSue was told to give up smoking by Rick

* I stopped to smoke mi sono fermato x fumare

* I stopped smoking ho smesso di fumare

4) The lady gave me the keys I was given the keys by the lady

5) Snow covered the mountains The mountains were covered by snow

1) PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE

• Mary eats an apple every day
• An apple is eaten by Mary

2) PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE

• Mary ate an apple yesterday
• An apple was eaten by Mary yesterday

COME FORMARE LA FORSE :

• S subject
• V verb
• O object
• M manner
• P place
• T time

3) PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE

• I've just met Peter
• Peter has just been met by me
• Have you told him?
• Has he been told by you?

Lezione 2:

VERBI MODALI

1 - CAN

potere

• usiamo con le persone che siamo in confidenza.
• Non è mai infinito ed è difettivo.

TO BE ABLE TO

• combinabile. È in concorrenza con CAN in una determinata situazione.
• cose che accadono una sola volta.
• ESSERE IN GRADO DI

2 - MAY

potrebbe

• usato con likelihood.
• Non è infinito.

MIGHT

• condizionale. Si utilizza raramente.

TO BE LIKELY TO

• infinito probabilità

TO BE ALLOWED TO

• infinito permesso

BEING LIKELY TO

• gerundio

BEING ALLOWED TO

3 - COULD

dovere

• richiesta di permesso formale
• si usa con il “lei”

4 - TO HAVE TO

• forma negativa = non è necessario quel determinato atto.

• quando il parlante si riferisce a qualcosa di imposto. Obbligo esterno.

5-MUST

• forma negativa = divieto
• si usa per dare ordini agli altri
• quando il parlante condivide l'obbligo

6-SHOULD

• condizionale
• usato per dare consigli
• non si mette il TO dopo i verbi modali.

7-SHALL

• si usa per interrogare la volontà di un altro
• chiedere/suggerire un consiglio
• SHALL I ---
• SHALL WE ---

ESERCIZIO 2:

• mi piacerebbe poter andare alla festa ma i miei mi vietano sempre le cose più divertenti.
• I’d like to be allowed to go the party but my parents always forbid to do the most amusing thinks.

essere in grado di suonare uno strumento musicale è un dono che vorrei avere.

being able to play a musical instrument is a gift I'd like to have.

quando avevo 12 anni sono riuscito a vincere una gara di corse, ma è improbabile che ci riuscirei adesso che sono sulla cinquantina.

When I was 12 I was able to win a race, but it's unlikely I would be able to do so now being in my fifties.

potrebbe arrivare in ritardo il principale perchè non deve ricevere clienti.

the boss may be late because he/she doesn't have to receive any customers/clients.

a scuola dobbiamo indossare divise mentre in Italia non si indossano ma gli alunni non possono mangiare durante le lezioni.

we have to wear uniforms at school whereas/while you don't have to in Italy, but pupils mustn't eat during classes.

lesson

lecture

lesione universitario generale

non potete comportarvi in questo modo: il/la preside ve lo vieterà.

you can't behave like that; the head will ban/forbid that.

I bambini con bisogni speciali dovrebbero essere seguiti con più attenzione dai docenti. Non sei d'accordo su questo?

special educational needs children should/ought to be looked after more carefully by their teachers. don't you agree on this?

non dovresti trattare questi argomenti con ragazzi così giovani.

you shouldn't/oughtn't to deal with these topic with such young children

DIVISE: uniforme

MENTRE: whereas/while

preside: principal (American), head mistress (England)

LEZIONE 3

• Fotocopia esercizi

Vocabolario:

• strict ➔ severo
• wolves ➔ lupi
• impairment
• SLI
• occurs ➔ manifestarsi
• skills ➔ abilità
• development ➔ svilupparsi
• awareness ➔ consapevolezza
• elicits ➔ far scaturire
• affects ➔ influenzare, giudicare, pregiudicare
• educational attainments ➔ traguardi educativi
• but in ➔
• are then neglected ➔ allora sono trascurati
• hidden ➔ mascherato, nascosto
• understanding ➔ comprendere
• as a consequence ➔ e di conseguenza
• gets missed or misdiagnosed ➔ diagnosticato in modo errato
• behavioural ➔ comportamento
• maybe picked up ➔ possono essere raccolte, rilevanti
• is being said ➔ ciò che si dice
• peers ➔ pari
• yet ➔ eppure, tuttavia (all'inizio della frase)
• failure ➔ fallimento

self-worth ➔ autostima

spot ➔ notare, rilevare

to join in with ➔ stare insieme a

surprisingly ➔

affected ➔ trattati

Sinonimo

• awareness ➔ realise
• neglected ➔ unnoticed

LEZIONE 4

SIMULAZIONE

DOMANDA DI GRAMMATICA

1) She's scolding the twins at the moment (BEING)

The twins are being scolded (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)

2) We have fewer toy cars than them (MORE)

They have more toy cars than us (PRONOME PERSONALE OGGETTO)

3) "If it keeps raining, we won't be able to have dinner in the garden" said Paul (US)

Paul told us "If it kept raining we wouldn't be able to have dinner in the garden"

4) Why don't we take the children to the amusement park? (ABOUT)

What about taking the children to the amusement park?

5) The boy was disciplined for stealing (him)

His parents disciplined him for stealing

2) We were not allowed to go out in the evening (us)

Our parents didn’t allow us to go out in the evening

Vero o Falso

1. Falso ➔ the passage deals with gifted children
2. Falso ➔ the passage didn’t mention any of that
3. Falso ➔ verbal abilities are taken into account to assess IQ
4. Falso ➔ talented children do concern schools
5. Falso ➔ both creativity and behavior matter, not just actual skills.

Domande Aperte

• se la domanda è al presente bisogna rispondere al presente
• es. Christopher’s favourite writer…
• scuola ordinaria : mainstream school
• libro mi è piaciuto:

- yes, I did, because the plot was very compelling and I was moved by Christopher’s story.

- I liked the way the writer describe Christopher's attitudes

- I appreciated the way the writer was able to convey Christopher's feelings.

LIBRO NON E PIACIUTO

- No, I didn't, because I found the plot predictable/boring.

- because a dog gets killed

- because I don't like thrillers.

VOCABOLARIO

• Endowed: dotato
• sphere: sfera
• Knowledge: conoscenza
• giftedness:
• increasingly: sempre più
• wide: largo
• widely: ampiamente
• therefore: perciò
• fair: equo, giusto
• disciplined: punito
• concern: preoccupazione
• twins: gemelli
• let: permettersi
• gifted: dotato
• assess: valutare
• assessment: valutazione
• reliability: affidabilità

may : probabile

convey : esprimere

puzzled : perplesso

Periodo Ipotetico

1. Se sapessimo di più sui bambini più dotati, non si annoierebbero così tanto a scuola. _{(II tipo)}

If we knew more about gifted children, they wouldn't get bored at school.

2. Se avessi approfondito l'argomento avrei ottenuto un voto migliore? _{(III tipo)}

If I had deepened the topic could I have got/obtained/received a better mark?

As soon as

as long as

untile

provided that

si può fare il periodo ipotetico con queste congiunzioni.

3. Finché non studierai di più la tua situazione non cambierà.

As long as you don't study harder, your performance won't improve.

4) If there were fewer burocatic procedures, things will improve ( II tipo )

errore : will : would

Se ci fossero state meno procedure burocratiche, le cose migliorerebbero ( III tipo )

If there had been fewer burocatic procedures, things would have improved

6) I'll give them more pocket money, provided that they'll stop being late. ( I tipo )

errore : they stop

5) Se non fosse stato punito ingiustamente, non si sarebbe comportato sempre peggio. ( III tipo )

If he had not been disciplined unfairly, he wouldn't have behaved worse and worse.

Lezione 5

Vocabolario

• dive = tuffarsi
• complain = lamentarsi

• If you dive into this river you would hurt yourself (I or II)
• If the sun shone, the children would play outside (II)
• Richard will walk to school if he misses the bus (I)
• Emily would buy the cola if you packed the picnic basket (II)
• If I were in Venice, I would rent a boat (II)
• Michael's teacher will phone his parents if he tests in the lesson (I)
• If she answered this question correctly, she would get an extra point
• My sister will get angry if I turn on the music too loud (I)
• Your room would look much tidier if you kept your hamster in the cage (II)
• If you surfed the internet, you would find a lot of information (I)
• If the lady had not stopped the boy, he would have run into the van (III)
• The dog wouldn't have attacked you if you hadn't teased him
• If she had told me, I would have collected her from the airport (III)