Istituzioni, storia e cultura della lingua inglese - British Institutions

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the 18 century, or the Labour Party, which emerged in the last decade of the 19 century, has held

power.

A conservative party is right central party formed by Robert Peel in 1830s. It cut taxes.

Labour party is left-central party with left and right wings, formed by James Heady in 1892

associated with the Trade Unions (so called because associations were originally composed of

workers practising a given trade) and the working class.

Tony Blair is the leader of Labour Party and put a distance between the trade unions and working

class, moving to the centre.  New Labour.

The Party which wins most seats at a general election is invited by the Sovereign to form a

Government.

UK GOVERNMENT



The UK government consists of some hundred ministers who can be chosen from both Houses of

parliament and who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. They

belong to the majority party in the Commons.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the monarch and is usually the leader of the majority

party in the Commons, is the leadership of the party in the country, and control over policy-making.

The Prime Minister sits in the Commons.

The Prime Minister has great power within the British system of government.

The Cabinet is a small executive body in the government and usually comprises 21 senior

ministers, who are chosen and presided over by the Prime Minister.

A minister also has an individual responsibility for the work of his or her government department.

Government departments or ministries are the chief of instruments by which the

government implements its policy. UK government departments are staffed by the civil service,

consisting of career administrators. they work in London. The heart of the civil service is the

cabinet office.

The Parliament is also responsible for making laws. There is a large body of laws that have never

been codified know as common law.

- Criminal law: magistrates courts are presided over by groups of three unpaid, lay

magistrates or justice of the peace have no legal qualification.

There are also a few stipendiary magistrates refer more serious cases to there crown court,

deals with trials of a more serious nature and it is presided over by a judge.

- Civil law: magistrates courts deal with certain minor question, while more important matters

are dealt with in the high court of justice.

. The monarchy

The constitutional title of the UK parliament is the “Queen-in-Parliament”. This means that state

and government business is carried out in the name of the monarch by the politicians and officials

of the system.

The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in Britain and there is hereditary succession to the

throne, but only for Protestants. The monarchy is head of state, head of the executive judiciary and

legislature, “supreme governor” of the Church of England and the commander-in-chief of the

armed forces.

. The Privy Council th th

Its powerful position declined in the 18 and 19 centuries as its functions were transferred to a

parliamentary Cabinet an new ministries. Today, its members advise the monarch on government