Appunti Zanfei Analisi

Definitions

Remediation (according to Bolter)

Remediation is the process in which each medium relates to the other, and each format borrows part of its meaning from the previous product format. For example, videogames borrow contents and characters from films (films > videogames), radio station > iTunes, printed encyclopedia > Wikipedia, TV > YouTube, schoolmates’ photo album > Facebook, blog > Twitter, etc. All current media are remediation of some preceding medium. Through remediation, it’s possible to create a new media by refashioning of materials and references to previous media.

Repurposing

Repurposing involves pouring familiar or successful content into another media form. Example: Popeye: comic strips, cartoon, film, radio program, toy. “Great Expectation”: from a novel to a film.

Examples of Remediation

• Manuscript > Printed book > E-book
• Camera lucida > Digital camera
• Stage plays > Films

Multimodality

Multimodality is the use and co-deployment of more than one mode in the construction of a textual entity. A mode refers to the different ways in which text can be realized. It may consist, for example, of words and images (visual + verbal mode). A mode is a system of communication that consists of three metafunctions (Halliday):

• Representational or ideational: it refers to the natural world.
• Textual: it refers to the verbal world (the flow of information in a text, cohesive devices).
• Interpersonal: it refers to the social relationship between the speaker and the listener (e.g., formal-informal letters).

For example, the visual mode can be an image; a written mode can be a written text; other modes are colors, typography, spoken mode, etc. Webpages are multimodal: they use a variety of modes, in order to make meaning.

Resources for Meaning Making

These include kinds of knowledge, skills, and instruments to which one has access. They are:

• Linguistic: grammatical resources / lexical resources
• Cultural: literary conventions
• Social: social/political economy
• Technological: capabilities of new technologies

Medium

The medium is the physical base/channel which carries/transmits a message: written texts can be printed in a magazine, newspaper, book, or can appear on a computer screen.

Transcriptions of the Videos (Slide)

What is Remediation?

Remediation is the act of observing and repurposing a media into another media form. Remediation is everywhere; we live in a “remediate culture.”

Remediation has a double logic; it wants to combine:

• Immediacy: how much the user forgets the medium; actually, the medium disappears. For example, when watching a film, how engrossed is the person in the storytelling, and how little is the person thinking about film techniques? The less you see the tools, the higher you can experience immediacy, and you can focus on the contents. Immediacy is a synonym of “trance.”