15 Punti dello Sviluppo Umano
per la creazione degli HDI
The developing countries have made significant progress towards human development in the last three decades.
North-South gaps in basic human development have narrowed considerably in the last three decades, even while income gaps have widened.
Averages of progress in human development conceal large disparities within developing countries — between urban and rural areas, between men and women, between rich and poor.
Fairly respectable levels of human development are possible even at fairly modest levels of income.
The link between economic growth and human progress is not automatic.
15 Punti dello Sviluppo Umano
per la creazione degli HDI
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The developing countries have made significant progress towards human development in the last three decades.
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North-South gaps in basic human development have narrowed considerably in the last three decades, even while income gaps have widened.
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Averages of progress in human development conceal large disparities within developing countries — between urban and rural areas, between men and women, between rich and poor.
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Fairly respectable levels of human development are possible even at fairly modest levels of income.
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The link between economic growth and human progress is not automatic.
6. Social subsidies are absolutely necessary for poorer income groups.
6 - Sussidi sociali necessari per gruppi di reddito più poveri. Senza aiuti sociali, i paesi non riescono ad attivare i processi per uscire dalla povertà. (Circolo vizioso della povertà)
- Livello reddito: sussistenza
- No risparmio
- No consumo
- No investimento
- No produttività per investimenti (Circolo vizioso della povertà)
7. Developing countries are not too poor to pay for human development and take care of economic growth.
7 - I paesi in via di sviluppo non sono troppo poveri per:
- Sviluppo umano;
- Prendersi cura della crescita economica; (Riferimento al punto 4)
8. The human costs of adjustment are often a matter of choice, not of compulsion.
8 - I costi umani dell'adeguamento sono spesso una questione di scelta (politica), non di costrizione.
Esempio:
- Improvvisa compressione reddito, dopo quindi un aggiustamento, spetta ai responsabili politici decidere dove effettuare questi tagli: sanità, istruzione, sussidi, vittime, ecc...
- Scelta allocazione risorse
- Non automatica
- Ma scelte politiche!
9. A favourable external environment is vital to support human development strategies in the 1990s.
9 - Favorevole ambiente esterno è vitale per supportare la strategia di sviluppo umano nel 1990
Esempio:
- Prospettive: non favorevoli
- Trasferimento risorse per paesi in via di sviluppo: flusso invertito
- (1980) flusso +
- (1988) flusso -
- 42,6 miliardi su 32,5 miliardi $
- P. commodities: livello più basso sulla grande depressione
- Debito estero dei paesi in via di sviluppo: 1,3 trilioni annui
- L'onere debito: 200 miliardi $ annui
10. Some developing countries, especially in Africa, need external assistance a lot more than others.
10 - Alcuni paesi in via di sviluppo, specialmente in Africa, hanno maggiore bisogno di assistenza esterna di altri paesi.
Ciò include differenze tra i paesi in via di sviluppo.
11
Technical cooperation must be restructured if it is to help build human capabilities and national capacities in the developing countries.
12
A participatory approach — including the involvement of NGOs — is crucial to any strategy for successful human development.
13
A significant reduction in population growth rates is absolutely essential for visible improvements in human development levels.
14
The very rapid population growth in the developing world is becoming concentrated in cities.
15
Sustainable development strategies should meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.