Appunti esame Management Organization in the digital economy, prof Tunisini

THE KEIRETSU

The Keiretsu system on average has exhibited superior performance compared with

both the anglo-saxon and continental european system. Japanese system is long-term

orientated, and groups could invest on the finance corporate turnarounds because the

considerable knowledge reduces the risk of failure.

Modularity

Product modularity not necessary a guarantee for the costumer satisfaction. The trend is

connecting product modularity with an organization modularity.

E.g. IBM leave everything, the only thing that is currently controlling is named “big data

computer”

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How to become a customer activated enterprise? the key issue is the modularity

structure. Companies in which everything changes fast, is requested someone really

young.. open-minded, flexible.

There is no longer the same routine like the old-type of companies. The customer

activated enterprise starts from the customer, they activate networks with partners

(supply network).

It’s not going to be close to customer activated cluster, cluster transforms to valuable

network in a lot of places around the world.

The difference between services and servitization. Slides 4. we have a company: Kraft.

In the offices they have obsolete documents, they have old copiers from many different

companies. When something is broke, they spent time to call different assistance.

Ricoh solved the problem of Kraft. The offer is based on new copiers (green and

multifunctional copiers). Ricoh wins for the interesting prices, for the first offer that they

made to Kraft.

Ricoh offered to Kraft a special team created for Kraft, for the assistance. That flexible

organization is perfect when Kraft wants to have interaction, relationship, customer

involvement.

da recuperare: digital economy and digital transformation.

Digitalization have a impact on the things that the company is doing. We see what this

type of technologies are (see the video in the slides). This set the base of mobility, which

are the opportunities standing on this? The company have a lot of interactions with the

stakeholders.

Get a feedback from the customer, get an opinion from the customer that use the

product. Imagine a company that has to buy a component from another country. The

buyer has to interact with the selle, social media could be used to have a more personal

connection between this 2 people.

Social media makes you to create a brand, all the social media to connect with the

people that now knows your product. After that you have to establish yourself, and

increase sales.

The blue oceans strategy:

Big data. 3D printer, in factories are not really something of new.

Google glass was a flop. The started idea was to replace the mobile phone with google

glass, the were called wearable technology. They weren’t comfortable, they weren’t so

fine, and they didn’t replaced the mobile phone well. people wants the phone.

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Look at this: sacmigroup (the company of the next week)

Alibaba, total digital based. gruppo elica (producing kitchen woods, they are the major

suppliers of ikea).

Attention to: investment protection, stability in production and quality.

Economic consequences: greater productivity, revenue growth, employment,

investments.

Key issues in trasformation: where to invest and where is not necessary. Open minded

application, value network and value management, business process management, new

CIO (Chief Information Technology)

Customizing Customization

look at the slides.

SACMI - seminary I

Sacmi started a 4.0 program. They started already this change with the technology. This

seminary is based on SACMI group. Pietro Cassani is the SACMI Group general

manager. A cooperative means that shareholders are part of the company.

The history of SACMI, that was born 1919, and in Italy the situation was really bad in

Italy.

Today the company located in Imola have over 1100 employees.

In SACMI they never copy competitors, they believe in innovation just to have

innovations. They want to have the idea, an innovation point that is original. This should

be sustainable, in order to achieve new markets. They never sacrifices the possibility to

make investment in the long term. So they always spend money to make future profits in

the long term.

They have experiences for the automation in the processes. For the tableware business

digitalization is the key issue, the second division is packaging. About packaging they

have: closures, containers, beverage. for the plastic caps they are working for nestle,

san benedetto. Containers are for medical industry, this type of containers are made to

create pills.

The third division is located in Milan (Rozzano), machines for food. There is a machine

to produce chocolate, that in the photo is squeezing cocoa seeds.

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They supply Ferrero, they are the main one. Also nestle and Mars. The mother company

is in Italy, but they have a lot of locations, all over the world.

SACMI has always invested in the network, 4.0 started in Germany, as an essential

value for its customer. With 4.0 we have new thing, IT is one of the key point. The new

services will provide for a permanent computer connection between the SACMI

reference points and the factories of its customers.

In the future, this connection will be extended to SACMI suppliers, in order to have a

total integration of the entire supply chain.

IT introduced in their sector, a network all dedicated to make very fast transmission

between machines. This allow them to create a different way to produce. For example

one machine is speaking to the others, and it’s controlling the others machines. There is

no lost time, no lost money. The founder of the industry 4.0, knows the main value of IT.

They decide to buy and to invest in IT company. They don’t want to buy from someone

else the IT. They want to be inside of this know-how, and to be sure that they are

protected, that their data are safe. It’s really easy for someone to go inside and take

information, to make a violation.

Simens,- in Germany is very famous. Is full dedicated to the digital innovation. Siemens

and other 3 companies created the industry 4.0

The new competences required by innovation: -problem solving

- informatic competence

- mathematical competence

- tecnologica competence

- basic technical training

- strong ability to work in teams

- knowledge of the context in which you operate.

Plant mean process, they need to have a large view. They could enlarge the processes

having a large vision. Marketing is important, they don’t have just to make the machine,

they have also find the way to respond to the customer. Marketing means create a

perfect solution for the customer, just with what the customer needs.

Supervisor:

0- field level : you control robot, mechanical sensors.

1-direct control level: to control machines

2- Plant supervisory level: supervision in the reparto.

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3-operations level: mom

4-Enterprise resource level: ERP

the difficulty is not to make a software, is to think what you have to know. which info you

need? the analysis is the main point, info that the company have to maintain.

Another important thing is the traceability on SACMI lines. bar code and QR code (data

matrix) are really important.

Energetic consumer; energy saving is one of the main topics. Features: -evaluation of

the consumer trends for the different energy sources.

-comparison of conceptions with the trend of environmental parameters or in line

acquired process.

-daily and monthly average consumption

-normalization of consumption according to the produced units or worked hours or other.

-association of consumption to different products/production lots

-comparing consumptions.

OEE means A (availability)x P (performance)xQ (quality) This means the possibility to

reduce the costs and to increase the quality. In past this wouldn’t be possibile, in the

past inf you wanted to increase the quality you had to increase also costs.

Predictive maintenance: diagnostic, combining vibrations analysis (a machine with

problems start to vibrate, and in few time the machine will be broken), ultrasonic

detection (noise is a key that tells you that something will happen to the machine),

thermography (the machine is hot? something will happen), oil analysis (is like to check

you blood, oil is the same for the machine),

Robotica is another important point of industry 4.0. Case history: Ceramica catalano, in

there is no man working inside, are working tighter just robot.

You talk about a case history, Ceramica Catalano has no employees inside, nut just

robots. where is ethic in this situation?

Virtual commissioning: know before producing something.

Accademy 4.0 : a real school, with professor from university. They decided to dedicate

3/4 days per month to know new things.

e.g. 3d printers are a new opportunity?

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Catalano, the best ceramics in the world. A company close to Rome, is the only

company in civet castellano making profits currently. They design all the sanitary by the

computers.

IBM - seminary II

Banks are customers of IBM. Data centers, softwares, services like clouds, IBM

purchases this from suppliers for consumers.

About money: 1.5 billion of dollars.

Technology products and technology services, everything associated to IT services is

sold. 90% of banks in the world are IBM customer, 23% US retailers are IBM customer,

90% of credit cards transactions are managed by IBM. IBM actually is the backbone of

the world economy. From the 80s we saw a transformation of IBM. IBM is investing

today in: -smart use of data

-data analysis

Everything started for IBM in a factory in USA, nowadays they don’t have everything

centralized in US. They have centralization in places where there are the most important

customer for them. This is the concept of: having the knowledge and put it in the right

place. Localization, many years ago, was different from today. Every year IBM from 1.5

billion dollars, reinvests 6% in research. Research means an important investment.

IBM global procurement - Bob Murphy is the CPO

Ginni Rometty is the CEO. IBM have an organization based on what they buy for

themselves and what they buy to sold again the customers. This is really important, the

third pilastro is “since we think to be a good organization” you can work as a good

organization.

e.g. cocacola decided to give to IBM some services, and like this there are a lot of

examples.

Servitization process. IBM is selling procurement capability, and this is also because a

lot of company find more easier to buy from outside (e.g. from IBM) this type of services.

This generates revenue for IBM. IBM spend money very well, but they have to generate

profits. For customers is not only about loyalty. is about money. procurement - more than

20 billion dollar. IBM procurement started in 1990, was a transformation that redefined all

the organization. The processes were transformed to be a technological pl