Appunti Botanica - parte 1

H O O O

O H

H OH

OH H H

H

H H

H

n of the biomass of plants is (a)

H H

H

H OH H OH H

H

H O O O

O H

H OH

OH H H

O O

ome from cellulose-rich hair cells H H

H

H

(d) O

O H

H OH

OH H H

O O

) Microfibrils (microscopic strands) of H

CH OH CH OH

H OH

OH H H

H

H 2 2

(e)

(d) Hydrogen bonds O O

H

CH OH CH OH

H OH

OH

nt cell walls with a high-magnification 2 2

(e)

(d) Hydrogen bonds

scope (TEM). (c) Diagram showing H

CH OH CH OH

H OH

OH 2 2

(e)

Hydrogen bonds

ndle together to form microfibrils.

Plants also make polysaccharides for use as structural compo- FIGURE 4.4 Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides plant

Plants also make polysaccharides for use as structural compo- FIGURE 4.4 Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides plant

o form larger macrofibrils. (d) structure A large proportion of the biomass of plants is

nents. The most abundant plant structural polysaccharide is cel- structure A large proportion of the biomass of plants is

med from chains of glucose molecules

nents. The most abundant plant structural polysaccharide is cel-

Plants also make polysaccharides for use as structural compo- FIGURE 4.4 Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides plant

cellulose. (a) Cotton fibers come from cellulose-rich hair cells

lulose. Cellulose makes up most of the material in plant cell walls cellulose. (a) Cotton fibers come from cellulose-rich hair cells

bonds. (e) Note that, unlike in starch, structure

FASE MATRICIALE: PROTEINE A large proportion of the biomass of plants is

attached to cotton seeds. (b) Microfibrils (microscopic strands) of

lulose. Cellulose makes up most of the material in plant cell walls (d)

nents. The most abundant plant structural polysaccharide is cel-

and about half of that found in the trunks of trees. Like starch, attached to cotton seeds. (b) Microfibrils (microscopic strands) of

e is flipped (compare to Figure 4.3e). cellulose. (a) Cotton fibers come from cellulose-rich hair cells

cellulose can be seen in plant cell walls with a high-magnification

and about half of that found in the trunks of trees. Like starch,

lulose. Cellulose makes up most of the material in plant cell walls Hydrogen bo

cellulose can be seen in plant cell walls with a high-magnification

the cellulose molecule is made up of many glucose molecules, but

d) are involved in the hydrogen attached to cotton seeds. (b) Microfibrils (microscopic strands) of

transmission electron microscope (TEM). (c) Diagram showing

(d)

the cellulose molecule is made up of many glucose molecules, but transmission electron microscope (TEM). (c) Diagram showing

and about half of that found in the trunks of trees. Like starch, cellulose can be seen in plant cell walls with a high-magnification

that cellulose molecules bundle together to form microfibrils.

in this case they are linked differently, such that alternate glucose

Proteine strutturali Hydrogen b

that cellulose molecules bundle together to form microfibrils.

Plants also make polysaccharides for u

in this case they are linked differently, such that alternate glucose

the cellulose molecule is made up of many glucose molecules, but transmission electron microscope (TEM). (c) Diagram showing

These, in turn, are grouped to form larger macrofibrils. (d)

molecules are flipped over in the long linear chains of cellulose These, in turn, are grouped to form larger macrofibrils. (d)

molecules are flipped over in the long linear chains of cellulose nents. The most abundant plant structur

that cellulose molecules bundle together to form microfibrils.

Cellulose molecules are formed from chains of glucose molecules

in this case they are linked differently, such that alternate glucose Cellulose molecules are formed from chains of glucose molecules

(Figure 4.4). This structural arrangement makes cellulose difficult Plants also make polysaccharides for

(Figure 4.4). This structural arrangement makes cellulose difficult lulose. Cellulose makes up most of the m

These, in turn, are grouped to form larger macrofibrils. (d)

held together by hydrogen bonds. (e) Note that, unlike in starch,

molecules are flipped over in the long linear chains of cellulose

- Appena secrete sono relaBvamente solubili diventano sempre più insolubili durante

held together by hydrogen bonds. (e) Note that, unlike in starch,

nents. The most abundant plant structu

to break down, and only certain bacteria, fungi, and animals, such Cellulose molecules are formed from chains of glucose molecules

every other glucose molecule is flipped (compare to Figure 4.3e).

to break down, and only certain bacteria, fungi, and animals, such and about half of that found in the trun

every other glucose molecule is flipped (compare to Figure 4.3e).

(Figure 4.4). This structural arrangement makes cellulose difficult lulose. Cellulose makes up most of the

as cows and termites with their special gut microbes, can digest it. held together by hydrogen bonds. (e) Note that, unlike in starch,

Hydroxyl groups (highlighted) are involved in the hydrogen

la maturazione cellulare o a seguito di ferite e aCacco dei patogeni;

as cows and termites with their special gut microbes, can digest it. the cellulose molecule is made up of man

Hydroxyl groups (highlighted) are involved in the hydrogen

to break down, and only certain bacteria, fungi, and animals, such every other glucose molecule is flipped (compare to Figure 4.3e).

bonding shown in (d). and about half of that found in the trun

Although humans cannot digest cellulose, it is still important in bonding shown in (d).

Although humans cannot digest cellulose, it is still important in in this case they are linked differently, su

as cows and termites with their special gut microbes, can digest it. Hydroxyl groups (highlighted) are involved in the hydrogen

- Si riBene che il processo di insolubilizzazione sia dovuto a legami intermolecolari di

the cellulose molecule is made up of ma

the human diet as dietary fiber, which aids in bowel function and

the human diet as dietary fiber, which aids in bowel function and molecules are flipped over in the long lin

bonding shown in (d).

Although humans cannot digest cellulose, it is still important in in this case they are linked differently, s

may reduce the risk of colon cancer. This is one reason why you

may reduce the risk of colon cancer. This is one reason why you (Figure 4.4). This structural arrangemen

difeniletere fra le Brosine;

the human diet as dietary fiber, which aids in bowel function and molecules are flipped over in the long li

should eat grains and other fruits and vegetables.

should eat grains and other fruits and vegetables. to break down, and only certain bacteria

may reduce the risk of colon cancer. This is one reason why you

- Vengono indoCe durante le ferite o aCacco dei patogeni (Figure 4.4). This structural arrangemen

Cellulose is especially important in the production of paper and

Cellulose is especially important in the production of paper and as cows and termites with their special g

should eat grains and other fruits and vegetables. to break down, and only certain bacteri

cotton cloth. In paper production, wood is chipped and processed

cotton cloth. In paper production, wood is chipped and processed Although humans cannot digest cellulos

Cellulose is especially important in the production of paper and as cows and termites with their special g

to liberate cellulose fibers, which are poured onto screens to drain. the human diet as dietary fiber, which a

to liberate cellulose fibers, which are poured onto screens to drain.

Proteine con attivita enzimatica Although humans cannot digest cellulo

cotton cloth. In paper production, wood is chipped and processed

The fibers are then matted together by pressing them between may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Thi

The fibers are then matted together by pressing them between the human diet as dietary fiber, which a

to liberate cellulose fibers, which are poured onto screens to drain.

rollers into thin sheets. Cotton fibers are about 90% cellulose. should eat grains and other fruits and ve

rollers into thin sheets. Cotton fibers are about 90% cellulose. may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Th

The fibers are then matted together by pressing them between

The fibers—hairs attached to the seeds of the cotton plant, Gossy- Cellulose is especially important in th

- Enzimi ossidaBvi – perossidasi

The fibers—hairs attached to the seeds of the cotton plant, Gossy- should eat grains and other fruits and v

rollers into thin sheets. Cotton fibers are about 90% cellulose.

pium—are separated from the seeds in a process called ginning and cotton cloth. In paper production, wood

pium—are separated from the seeds in a process called ginning and Cellulose is especially important in t

- Enzimi idroliBci per la degradazione dei legami dei polisaccaridi di parete (pecBnasi,

The fibers—hairs attached to the seeds of the cotton plant, Gossy-

spun into yarn for making cotton cloth. to liberate cellulose fibers, which are pou

spun into yarn for making cotton cloth. cotton cloth. In paper production, woo

pium—are separated from the seeds in a process called ginning and

Other useful indigestible polysaccharides include gums such as The fibers are then matted together by p

cellulasi, emicellulasi)

Other useful indigestible polysaccharides include gums such as to liberate cellulose fibers, which are po

spun into yarn for making cotton cloth.

locust bean gum, used in beers, and pectins, which form the gels rollers into thin sheets. Cotton fibers are

locust bean gum, used in beers, and pectins, which form the gels The fibers are then matted together by p

- Enzimi per l’espansione cellulare (transglicosidasi)

Other useful indigestible polysaccharides include gums such as

in fruit preserves. The soluble fiber in the gum from oat bran is The fibers—hairs attached to the seeds o

in fruit preserves. The soluble fiber in the gum from oat bran is rollers into thin sheets. Cotton fibers ar

thought to lower blood cholesterol.

locust bean gum, used in beers, and pectins, which form the gels pium—are separated from the seeds in a

- Altre proteine per l’espansione: estensine

thought to lower blood cholesterol. The fibers—hairs attached to the seeds

spun into yarn for making cotton cloth.

in fruit preserves. The soluble fiber in the gum from oat bran is pium—are separated from the seeds in

4.1 Reviewing the Learning Goals Other useful indigestible polysacchar

thought to lower blood cholesterol.

4.1 Reviewing the Learning Goals spun into yarn for making cotton cloth

1. The four basic types of organic molecules are carbohydrates, locust bean gum, used in beers, and pec

1. The four basic types of organic molecules are carbohydrates, Other useful indigestible polysaccha

lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These are the primary com-

4.1 Reviewing the Learning Goals in fru