Concetti Chiave
- Wordsworth views nature as a source of inspiration, contrasting the tranquility of the countryside with urban life, and sees it as a living force that fuels imagination.
- Shelley uses natural elements like the wind as symbols of societal change, attributing human qualities to them, and views the poet as a prophetic figure.
- Coleridge infuses his works with supernatural elements, using imagination to create a convincing alternative reality that hides symbolic meanings.
- Wordsworth's Romantic Manifesto emphasizes the poet's role in awakening feelings through imagination, portraying poetry as a means of emotional expression.
- Keats focuses on creating static, eternal visions, using his imagination to reflect universal truths, as exemplified in his work "Ode on a Grecian Urn".
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Wordsworth and Nature
According to Wordsworth, nature means three things: Nature as a source of inspiration, indeed he writes “I wandered lonely as a cloud” inspired by the nature of Lake District, in which daffodils, yellow flowers, flash upon his inward eye, his imagination; Nature as countryside in which mountains, lakes, rivers, are opposed to the noise of town; Nature as living force.o Coleridge believes that natural images hide symbolical meanings, indeed in “The rime of the ancient mariner” he uses supernatural elements, as the albatross, the figure of the mariner.. and killing of albatross is considered a sin against nature.
Shelley and the Wind
o Shelley uses the nature as a symbol, for example, in “Ode to the west wind” the wind represents a change for the society of that time. And the wind is a living force, indeed it’s destroyer and preserver, Shelley gives it human being’s qualities like "tameless, swift, proud".o In Keats there’s not an identification with nature.o For Wordsworth poetry is expression of feelings, with the imagination, with his inward eye, he turns common events of reality into a poetry.
Coleridge and the Supernatural Reality
o For Coleridge imagination create a new reality, characterized by supernatural elements, and he has to convince the reader that his story is real.o According to Shelley, imagination is a source of inspiration that leads him to awake people, he imagines a free world.o Keats with the imagination creates an artificial world, the urn, in which everything is static, is eternal, he creates a vision.
Wordsworth and the Romantic Manifesto
o In his Preface, the Romantic Manifesto, Wordsworth says that he is a man who speaks to another man, because he has more imagination than others, he wants awake people’s feelings.o According to Coleridge, the poet has to create a sense of mystery, and he has to be convincing, so the story has to seem real.o For Shelley the poet has to be a prophet, indeed in the last stanza of “Ode to the west wind” he asks the wind to inspire him, because he has to spread his prophetic message among people, to awake them.
Keats and Universal Reflections
o According to Keats the poet has to represent universal reflections, for example the final couplet of “Ode on a Grecian urn” refers to the universal image: beauty is truth, truth beauty.
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