Concetti Chiave
- Freshwater pollution affects humans due to increasing water demands for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.
- Pollution traces have been found in glaciers, with lead concentrations significantly rising from 1900 to 1975.
- Water pollution results from harmful substances entering water bodies, impacting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
- Major pollution sources include urban wastewater, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharges, affecting rivers and lakes.
- Groundwater pollution is influenced by factors like soil composition and improper waste disposal methods such as landfills and oil pollution.
The problem of pollution of freshwater affects humans directly, due to the great demand, ever-growing, of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use.
Think of the difference between pastoral and industrialized societies: they are requiring about 100 liters per day pro capite, and exaggerated with considerable waste.
The first testimonies of the presence of pollution were found in the glaciers and snowy sheets: toxic substances suspended in the atmosphere falls slowly, by gravity or with rains and snows.
This is easily verifiable: in ice formed in 1900, in a Greenland glacier, traces of lead compounds are subtle.
Traces of harmful substances, as well as the atmosphere and oceans, also found in the tissues of plants and terrestrial animals.
Water pollution depends mainly on the amount of harmful and toxic substances that enter, inevitably causing the death of all aerobic bacteria and the birth of anaerobic bacteria .
The sources of pollution of rivers and lakes are: urban residual waters, wastewater, water industries that derive from agriculture.
Widespread, in lakes, is eutrophication: this process, caused by excess nutrients, produces a strong growth of algae that stain the waters and deplete oxygen.
A major source of pollution in the waters is the presence of toxic metals such as selenium, lead, cadmium, mercury
Pollution of lakes is very worrying, accentuated by the massive presence of recreational boats who unload light hydrocarbons, more harmful than heavy ones.
Not to be forgotten is pollution from pesticides and insecticides, which on the one hand, have eliminated the presence of diseases such as malaria, on the other hand have downloaded in high doses substances that have caused the deaths of guests to freshwater.
River pollution due to discharges of industries, primarily to wastewater from agriculture and suburban discharges (in addition to organic products include the abundant detergents).
The overall situation is fortunately improved from 90, but the problem exists, and not just for large rivers.
The aquifers are in direct relationship with surface water and this can easily be polluted, causing a huge problem for humans: their pollution depends, as well as by men, even from the soil composition (more or less impermeable).
The potential sources of groundwater pollution are: losing wells, the methods of disposal of solid wastes (landfills), wastewater in agriculture, oil pollution, and in a speech in hand, radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants.
Finally the industrial civilization not only benefits but also raises major problems for humanity.
Domande da interrogazione
- Quali sono le principali fonti di inquinamento delle acque interne?
- Come influisce l'eutrofizzazione sui laghi?
- Quali sono gli effetti dell'inquinamento da metalli tossici nelle acque?
- In che modo l'inquinamento delle falde acquifere rappresenta un problema per l'umanità?
Le principali fonti di inquinamento delle acque interne includono le acque reflue urbane, le acque di scarico industriali, i residui agricoli, i metalli tossici e i pesticidi.
L'eutrofizzazione, causata dall'eccesso di nutrienti, provoca una forte crescita di alghe che macchiano le acque e riducono l'ossigeno disponibile, danneggiando l'ecosistema acquatico.
I metalli tossici come selenio, piombo, cadmio e mercurio sono una fonte significativa di inquinamento, causando danni agli organismi acquatici e potenzialmente entrando nella catena alimentare umana.
L'inquinamento delle falde acquifere, causato da pozzi perdenti, discariche, acque reflue agricole e rifiuti radioattivi, rappresenta un grave problema poiché queste acque sono in relazione diretta con le acque superficiali, influenzando la disponibilità di acqua potabile.
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