English
LESSON 1
Difference between British English and American English. When I create an advertisement I have to know
the target.
Centre – center
Colour – color
Theatre – theater
Grey – gray
Underground/tube – subway
Biscuit – cookie
Trousers – pants
Aren’t – ain’t
Basic elements of graphic design are:
Line: It’s a infinite sequence of points. A line connects 2 points, I can see a line in different shapes,
ü sizes and space and give the illusions of dimension.
A line can be diagonal/slating, horizontal, vertical, curved/wavy/squiggly, heavy/thick (marcata) o
light/thin (sottile)
Comparative:
-‐ More diagonal, horizontal, vertical, curved
-‐ Wavier, squigglier, thicker, thinner, heavier, lighter
Shape: a group of lines, a shape can be natural, geometric, organic, irregulars, symmetrical,
ü abstract
Space: is a mass, height and width, it refers to distances between around or within components of
ü a piece. A blank area, black area, place with lines, shapes and elements.
A space can be positive or negative, white or dark, open or closed, shallow/superficial or deep
Size: the physical dimension of an object. size can be large or small.
ü Scale: is the size of the element ad it relates to its usual physical size.
ü Texture: repetition of the same element. In art is the tactile quality of the surface of a work of art.
ü As well as this tactile sensation, texture can also give visual interest. Texture is included in design
because I can use dots and dashes for a border instead of a simple solid line, I can use typography,
a serif font and debossing (sottorilievo)/embossing (rilievo)
Value: it is the tone of the colour (like dark or light). It’s not a colour. It’s not a contrast.
ü Colour: the color wheel (cerchio cromatico): hue (pure colour), tint (hue + white), tone (hue +
ü grey), shade(hue + black)
complementary colour, the primary traid and the secondary traid.
Duotone: image consisting of two colours
Gamut (gamma): a range of available colour.
Gradient: a gradual transition of colour.
Pantone matching system: a colour matching system allowing designers and print shops to match
colours. Pantone swatch books are used.
Rgb: the colour mode read by computer screens and the web. It consist of red, green and blue
combinations.
Creativity, typography, creativity, ideas, software know-‐how, marketing know-‐how, brainstorming,
ü point of view colours, lay-‐outs and grids, art and culture knowledge, size
LEZIONE 2
Advertising:
profit: guadagno
ü revenue: entrata, reddito di un’azienda
ü market research: research my market, if I want to sell something, I have to know who is my market
ü (target)
publicity: if I publicise something I make something well know to the public
ü prime time: the television that have the maximum number of people who watch it. Large target.
ü Full page: of a newspaper
ü Broadsheet
ü Tabloids: giornale di scandali, scoop
ü
English advertising exploit the high adaptability of the English language. English enables the creators of
advertisement to use word puns (giochi di parole), figurative language and to mix individual styles and
types of text. Advertising unifies language, pictures, music; it contains information, invokes emotions and
imagination, it can capture all five sense and, besides, it has a social and practical aims.
Ways to advertise:
Tv commercials, newspapers, magazines, business cards, gadgets and events, radio, internet, email,
banner, unconventional marketing, guerrilla marketing, promotes, distributing, give aways, posters.
Benefits:
Internet: fast, unlimited information, immediate, reaches many people, especially younger
ü generation, many to many, interactive
Radio: cheaper, listening, not watching
ü Tv: viewer always passive, tv are in each house, is the most used medium of advertising
ü Newspaper: traditional, there are different type of advertising, touch and smell (4D)
ü Flyers: very cheap, small, wide distribution.
ü Billboards: size very very big, very visible
ü
Disadvantage:
Internet: you need a device to have an internet access
ü Billboards: distracting to drives
ü Sms: intrusive and boring
ü
Differences: The first advertisement has a small amount
of written information (in German) in the bottom right-‐
hand corner, by the logo.
The second advertisement exploits the meaning of the
verb “to unhook”. Do we need any words to understand
this ad? ( Ad is often used as an abbreviation to talk
about advertisement.)
In this two adv for Marmite Spread there is a link to two book characters: this is a link
with the UK Government’s Literacy Scheme to promote reading amongst
schoolchildren.
Advertising for children are always more coloured
LEZIONE 3:
To spend: spendere
A spend: la quota da spendere per una cosa
Predict/forecast: say something before it happens
Free, new, miracle, magic, easy, quick, sensational, remarkable, revolutionary
Old, out of date, faded
A technique of making advertising is using humor: this makes people laugh or smile. Consequently the
associate positive or happy feelings with the product or service.
Products comparison: the product or service is compared with a competitor’s. It’s used to highlight the
superiority of the product against the competitors’
Celebrity endorsement: a celebrity is shown using the product, and often also speaks about it positively.
People may wish to be like the celebrity, and they transfer their admiration for the celebrity to the product
or service.
Slogans also utilise some of these persuasive techniques
LEZIONE 4
Sentences who describe what the product does are active sentences
ü People play football everywhere
Sentences who describe the processes for making the product are passive sentences.
ü Football is played by people everywhere
Football was played by people everywhere
In the passive form:
Made of or made out of is used when we can see the original materials used for making an object
ü we use
Made from is used when we can’t see the original materials used for making an object we use
ü Made with is used to talk about a material used for making an object when it’s not the main
ü material used.
Made in is used for describing the origin of the product.
ü Made something for someone is used for describing the spnsor of intended recipient of a product
ü Made something for a reason is used to describe the reason for making something.
ü Made something into is used for describing a process of transformation.
ü
Es.
Underline the appropriate words in these sentences.
1. A football is made | of | for | in | leather.
2. Leather is made | with | from | by | animal skins.
3. FIAT cars are made | from | in | by | Italy.
4. All our cakes are made | in | into | with | fresh cream.
5. David Copperfield was written | from | by | for | Charles Dickens.
6. It was decorated with flowers which were made | into | out of | for | sea shells!
7. This ice cream is made | with | out of | of | vanilla.
8. My wedding ring is made | with | of | by | gold.
9. Paper is made | into | from | by | wood from trees.
10. This soup is made | in | with | after | chicken and asparagus.
11. This photograph was taken | by | in | at | Thailand.
12. These songs are sung | in | of | by | Chilean singers.
13. I collected some wild flowers | of | from | for | my husband.
14. I’ve made some cakes | for | at | by | your birthday party.
15. The gardener made a building site | for | into | up | a beautiful garden.
16. This palace was built | by | with | for | the President.
17. Michelangelo carved the statue | in to | with | out of | Carrarra marble.
18. This vodka was made | of | by | in | Ukraine.
19. Did you &n
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Lezioni, Lingua Inglese I
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Letteratura Inglese - lezioni
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Lezioni Sonetti e Othello
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Lezioni, Tossicologia marina