Introduzione alla Contabilità Finanziaria - Corso Completo in Inglese con Esempi Svolti

Università degli Studi di Trento

Economics and Management

-1st Year

-Professor C. Pesci

Financial

Accounting

The Financial accounting

→ To Sean bility

→ information

towands

Responsi

account meaningful

number

about Business actioities

Society → →

giuing s

a are

as

→ &

Accounting Financial Information System

actiuities users -

↳

| 2 Internal

types have Cash

Finance

about auailable

[ question

- - •

Thee Marketing

3 Eternal Sales

•

Creditor

actioities Incorre

are • →

[

| Human

• Resources

Investors

° Employees

]→

Identity Management

• ° profit

Investors →

of

Record Economic intersted

Business into

• Events → wichuse.rs are

a

¢

Communicator business

• its

Relevant to

↳

¢ total sales NET

i. incorre

e . .

.

. , ,

?

Botha

↳ following Wap

Standardizzo wl

Record

→ Systema Chrono

and

into logica ( )

data measored

Diaries Monetarie Unit

tic arder correrai

in

a a

¢

Then those data

Communicator as

↳ accounting named Financial statement

Report →

Ethic Business

in

→ Euery business financial

Effect business

decision Business be

involve with judged sound

the

ethic depend ethical behauiour

by

action society report

→

- ice on

Accounting Standards

The

→ →

follow by

issued

accounting bodies

standard

actiuities standard setting

a -

t

2

]

International Standards setting

standard bodies

accounting Board major

• IASB -

t

fdlowed Financial

Standards accounting Standards Board FASB

BO coontries

in •

r |

| those

those osed

named the

standards

named Usa

standards µ in

are

are ✓

Gererally

International accounting Gaap

Principles

Accepted

Standards IFRS

Financial Reporting

-

t

2

Those similar

systems getting

are more

t Convergere

Thee is a

Measurement Principles IFFIS

in Price to sell

receiver asset

an

sette liability

or a

→ 2 differenti

Systems occasioni

→ evcry ^

liabilitiesshoddbereportedatfa.ir/oalue

↳ The → assets

Fair and

value Principe yavailable

information immediate

• →

↳ time

changes decrease

→ stock

increase market

over i. stock

can in

e

or a

.

Historical based financial

The influence

Prelevare into it

• Lost Principe decision

relevant and

→ →

[ is in

e-

on a can

Faithful Representation fluczual

existedlhappered

number match what

exactty

descriptions

and

→ →

- s

2

Thee ] wl Unit )

$

(

assumption

Moretary

assumptions record transactions

to €

Unit

1 moretary

-

are cvrrency

requires companies

→ → ; ; .

↳ .

2) of

Economic

Economic erftity from

separato

actiuities be '

Unit assomption actiuities

kept private

most

an

- owrers

→

[ business

Corporation or

Physics Giuridica

and d

Pearson separate

are

of

Types Economic Entities

3 types based of

→ bility

and

n° responsi

owrers

on

ti levds

Legal

propriatorship single

Business owred distinti

by and

• himself

between

1 privateli,

- no on

perso → on owrer

↳ Usoally to

smalti

relative start

capital

reqoires a

Partnership

• by

Business level

2 peopte

owred distinti Legal

→ on s

no

→

more on

or

Corporation legal

Business bk

• not

→ level

wich responsi

in are on

owrers

↳

( It' be changeowrersanytine.info

hdders the

share

by share Moments

sold business

owred shopping

in

s any

can

s

- can

> Maximize

Revenge

have Profit

Usuahy to

Main

greatest goal

- is

The Double Logic

Entry snaes

i.

f- e NB

&

→ what avred Rights

Roots → Assets

oned

and and tre

Chains

Liabilities

what Equites

is is

- against

→ di

tv

Assets Cash Soppliers

from

i. Material

i.

e e

. .

↳ $15 $8 biliari

Asset

billion Liabilities

has

Adidas

Example in in

.

→

µ $7 biliari Eqoities

. in

Assets - Assets

Basic Equation LIABILITIES Liabilities Liabilities

→ EQOITIES Assets psetaird

Capital

share

→

Equity

= t earnings

ordinari

t

= +

+ = -

(

(

^ does finance

personal Expanded

involve Equazioni

Not ovorers

Assets

→ Qvred

all the

→ by Compaq

resources

[ a

| Liabilities

Assets Capital

share Reeves

Ordinari Expenses

e dividendo

t

t

future -

all -

la

of -

berefits

to

kina and

assets capabe services

provider

are

i. supplico

Eqoipment

e . . .

. ,

, payingsoppliersforsupph.es

i. e

[ .

Liabilities the

→ debito

daims asset and

→ form

against obligations activity

→ → i. an

e per

.

↳

| 2

Osoally Account

→ wlo

types

payabtes Payables wlinterests

Payables

interessi Note

are •

→ . = =

V face the

ttey

Peopte liquidatori

it of

uno the those bifore

Creditor

→

against calkd

Business Creditor daims the

not →

assets paid

paid

ciaim claims

→ daims

es are are '

are can owrers

company

or

↳ NE

not owrers

→ Equites Sharehdders

the

all who shares

claims the the

of people

→ → →

asset

against owns

owrers

owrers are

↳ 4 types share

of $

Capital

→

equites • ordinari boy

to share

-

• Racines ]→

earnings

• Expenses psetaired Earnings

costo

Dividendo

• $ share

per

↳ Prevenire from business

resohirg actiuities

equity

→ increase in Sales

gross i.

→ e .

↳ Positive they

if

effect increase rent

i.

↳ e wages

[ .

.

.

. , ,

Expenses actiuities

the

of

cost in

- assets services

osing economic

consumi ng or

↳ ↳ Consumi for

effect

Negative i. Material production

ng

e raw .

.

. .

,

↳ Dividendo from

auailable the

[ be

of ( distributed the

to

) sharehdde.rs

Assets Net

increase Net income

money → owrers

can =

NB

they

Evan they

it psetaired Dividendo be of

tre determinati

distributed

reduce Earnings Net

the

NET AFTER

→ income

→ on

expenses

are can

Analizing Business Transactions

→ cdlecting and to

then

and decision

Communication

from transactions

data makers

processing -

↳ named

( accounting System

Information ized

Nowadays the

all based computer

→ System

praessed accounting

and software

transactions recorded computer

by

are -

t "

But "

only financial ?

those

?

what do Has

→

to

reed that the basic

answeraffirmatiue.ly to

record question changed

this position

event

-

events my a

we as company

↳

↳ proceed to the event

yes Assets

report Chang

bagni

i. supplico

→ I in

→ →

e e

.

↳

Each transaction has it

Effect →

record

t

liabilitiesincrease event I

dual hired

→ i.

then

increased Don'

no

asset the changes

another must employee

di ministri

→ is →

e no

a an or or a rew

.

. .

.

↳ $2000 )

boy $

of

$2000

) (

of (

i. paifabbs

(

of 2000

supplica account

I asset

of Liability

$2000 Supplies and )

lncrease increase

Cash

decrease

e asset

→ in

or

on

.

Exercise Recording Business 10

Transactions step

on - Company $

1 7

A casti

$15000 for

and the

B 1700

Company decide in

to torrent for

$900

star t utilities

$600 for

Monthly

invest Pays

and

Cash -

$200

→

- expenses

in

a pays

pays wages

,

Liabilities

Assets Assets Liabilities

Equity Equity

t

= = t

Account

Cash Supplico Account

Cash Payables

Receiuables

Liabilities + Expenses

Equipmentt share

share Revere

Capital

Capital +

ordinarie ordinarie

t

t t

=

= -

- -

$1850

$

$ t $

+ $250

$15 $1600

t $ $4700

+ +

ts

10.7K 2k

7K

/ t 15K

t

t

15k K +

/ $ /

/

/ /

/ /

$0 $ $600

1700

-

$ $900

+ $200

ISK

ISK t + +

= $ $

t

9K 7$ $1600 =

$ $1950

7kt t

+ t $

2k 4.7K

1850 $

t 15K -

✓

↳

2 Company $ $

boys t

$7000

decideste t

boy 19.6K = 19.6

Cash

→

eqoipment paia K

in

Liabilities

Assets Equity

t

= Company

8

Cash for n°5

Liabilities bill $250

Equipment share Capital -

t ordinarie cash

t in

= pays Pays

-

$15 / tslsk

K Assets

/ Liabilities

+ Equity

= t

/

$ / Account

Cash Supplico Account

7k

$7 t Payables

Receiuables

K t Expenses

Equipmentt share Revere

Capital

+ ordinarie

t

- t

= -

-

/ $

$

$ $0 $

9K 7K

7K

8k $

$ + $1850

$1600

+ +

t + 2K t

t 15k $1550

t

$

= + $4700

t 15K 1-

$250 /

$ /

/ /

/ /

250

-

- $8750

Company

3 = $1600

t

$

boys t

t $1600 $

7k t

$

boy $1600 $4700

decideste + $1950

t 15k

2k

1-

supplica account

→ -

on ↳ ✓

=

$

Liabilities

Assets $

t t

19.35K

Equity b. 35k

t

=

Supplico

Cash Account Payables share Capital

Equipmentt ordinarie

t t

= - Company

+ $ $

/ + from transaction

$7 / 9 for $600

8k n°6

K 15k payment

receius →

t cash

in

receiues

services

/ / + $1600 /

$1600

t Assets Liabilities Equity

= t

$ Account

Cash Supplico

$7 $

+ Account

1600

8K K Payables

Receiuables

=

$ t $

t 1600 t t Expenses

t 15h Equipmentt share Revere

Capital

t ordinarie

t t

= -

-

↳ ✓ $

$16.6 $ $

$1600

+ 8750

+ $

$

K 16.6K $

t $

7k t

= 2K

t

t $ 4700

+

t 15K 1950

1600 +

/

/

/ /

$600 $600

/

+ / -

Company $9350 t

t $4700

4 $ $

=

$1600 t $

+

performs 1600

t $1400 15k 1950

slzk

$1200 -

t t

→ Cash

Service receiues in

a to ✓

$

$

Liabilities

Assets = 19.35

t t

Equity 19.35k K

t

=

Supplico

Cash Account Payables Revenoe

share Capital

Equipmentt ordinarie

t t t

= - Company

10 to $1300

decide

88k to

dividere

+ A

$

$1600 $ / cash

7k B

and

t -

t

+ 1600

t 15K owrers Pays

a

pay Assets Liabilities

$1200

+

+ $1200 Equity

/

1 /

/ = t

Account

Cash Supplico Account Payables

Receiuables Revere

t share

$ Equipmentt

$1600 Expenses Dividendo

$ Capital

= +

$1600 $ +

+ 9.2k ordinarie

$

7k t

+ t

1200 t

t 15k t = -

-

-

↳ ✓ $9350 $1400

$ ts $1600

$

= 7K

+ $1600

+ $

+ +84700

17.8 K

+ 17.8k 15k

t t 1

$1950

t + /

/

/

/

$1300 $1300

/

/

/ +

-

Company $1600 disk

$8050

5 $ $4700

$1600 $1950

=

+ 7K

$ t

+ $1300

t

$250 t

boys 1400

account t

t

aduertisement -

→

services -

pays on ✓

↳ $

$

Liabilities

Assets = t 18.05

18.05k

t

Equity K

t

=

Supplico

Cash Account Payables Revere

share Capital

Equipmentt Expenses

ordinarie

+ t t

= - -

$

+ 9.2k t

$1600 $

tstzk $1200

$1600 15k /

+

t 1- $250

/ / / $250

t t

/ - $1200

$

$ t 15K $250

$ $

9.2k $ 1850

+ = t

+

t 1600

7k -

t

↳ /

$ $

= 17.8

+ K

a. t

8k

Company

6 performs $1500 $2000

→ Cash account

and

Service receiues in

a on

Liabilities

Assets Equity

t

=

Supplico

Cash account Account

Equipmentt Payables

Receiuables

t Revere

share Capital

t Expenses

ordinarie

t t

= - -

$ $1200 $250

+ $ *

9.2k $

$ $

+ + +

1850

+ -

7k 1600 t 15k $3500

$1500 t

+ /

$ 2k /

+

e _ -

= $

$

$ $ $250

$ t 4700

+ $ 2k

t t

$ 1600

10.7k 15K

+

7k

t t 1850 -

↳ ✓

$ $

t

= 21.3 K

21.3k

+

sommare of all transactions

→ Liabilities

Assets Equity

t

=

Transaction Account

Supplico Account

Cash

n° Payables

Receiuables Expenses Dividendo

Revere

Equipment share Capital

t t ordinarie

t t

+ = -

-

-

t $ t $1

15K

1 5k

$ t $

7K 7K

z - t $1600 $1600

*

s t

$1200 $1200

t

4 $250

t

s $250

t

t

+ $3500

$

t $

6 1500 2k

$ $1700

1700 t

7 $250 $250

8 -

- $600

$600

t

9 - $

$1300 1300

t

10 - $1600 $1400

t

$7

$8050 t $4700 $1300

t t

Balance e t

$1600

t sisk

t $1950

K - -

↳ t $

$ =

t 18050 18050

Financial Statement information profit

abilita

about

[ F)

there

→ financial

of Income wl

5 specifici

for

statement

kinds of

and time

net periodi

the loss

statement net

presents

→

are income

revenues

- expenses

• or a

pietained

• definite

Betainedearnings of time

Statement the period

Earnings changes in

summarizes

→ over a

• " !!

? "

→ " " "

!! "

"" " "

asset" "

" ae' "

" "

È " aor ta -

"

" " "

"

" "

"

" "

" "

" " * → ⇐

→

→ →

⇐

• *

⑧ Cash for Internal

Fans data

statement of

specific external

for and

all inflows )

- time

( periad

( )

the and outflows

Cash receipts

sommarie Cash payment users

a

µ Comprehensiue

° Income of

the

statement includono

items not determinati

report incorre

comprehensiue

other net

These in

→ incorre on

statement are

related toeachother Example from

4 financial

Interrelati of the statement exercise

onships

ti the balance

1 Computing needed to determina of psetaincd

sheet

the Earnings 2

-

Net Income I financial

the ( ) 3

needed

- of

to Sheet

statement position Balance

prepara

✓

The Cash Sheet

the Balance

reporter in

to the fans

Cash statement

is needed 4

prepara Debito

T

The Credit

and

accounting rules

-

-

→ Cash

? salari

specific the

item

individuai

what -

account referto

equity

liability when

asset

and

of

record account Capitalia

decreases i.

in

accounting

is increases

an - es

name

a e

or we we

an . .

.

. ,

,

,

↳ " " }

" "

* "

"

⇐ "

"

"

" "

" " "

⇐ "

""

" °

→ "

" ° "°

S

" "

" "

"

↳ Debiti NI

do increaseordecrease

credit →

and net Mears

(

| debito debito

balance credit

s

=

Ì balance

credit debite credit

=

For transaction (

they be differenti

must )

account

egual in

avery

[ fino Detroit To decrease

Balance To

osodly increase

µ we a }

Far asset

Liabilities

As