Fondamenti di Informatica e
Programmazione
Indice
L’informatica .................................................................................................................................................. 2-6
Introduzione e architettura di Van Neumann ...................................................................................................
CPU e linguaggio macchina ............................................................................................................................ 7-9
Linguaggi, Codifica e rappresentazione dell’informazione ...................................................................... 10-15
Problemi, Soluzioni, Algoritmi ................................................................................................................... 16-19
Strutture iterative e selettive ............................................................................................................... 20a-20b
Introduzione alla programmazione ........................................................................................................... 21-24
Matlab ........................................................................................................................................................ 25-30
Strutturazione del codice sorgente ........................................................................................................... 31-33
Strutture selettive e iterative Matlab ....................................................................................................... 34-37
Gestione file in Matlab .................................................................................................................................... 37
Introduzione ai DBMS ed al Modello E-R .................................................................................................. 38-41
Introduzione a SQL ..................................................................................................................................... 42-44
Funzioni di aggregazioni e raggruppamenti in SQL........................................................................... 44°-44b-45
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