Appunti delle lezioni lingua inglese

Comparing Two People, Places, Things

We use comparative adjectives + than to compare two people, places, things:

• Regular comparative adj: adj + -ER
• One syllable adj ending in -ed: MORE + adj
• Irregular adj comparative: good –> better, bad –> worse, far –> further, farther

We can also use (not) as + adj + as to make comparison.

Comparing Two Actions

We use comparative adverbs to compare two actions:

• Regular comparative adverbs: adv + -ER
• Irregular comparative: well –> better, badly –> worse

We can also use (not) as + adv + as to make comparison.

Superlatives

We use superlative adj. and adv. to compare people, things or actions with all of their group:

• We form superlatives like comparatives but we use -EST instead of -er and the most / least instead of more /less
• We normally use the before superlatives, but we can also use possessive adj.

We often

UNIT 3B

• A / AN
• We use a / an with singular countable nouns:
• When we say what something is or what somebody does
• The first time we mention a thing / person
• In exclamation with "What...!"
• In expression to frequency
• THE
• We use the:
• When we talk about something we've already mentioned
• When it's clear what referring to
• When there's only one of something
• With superlatives
• NO ARTICLE
• We don't use an article:
• When we are speaking in general (with plural and uncountable nouns)
• With some nouns, e.g. home, work, school, church; after prepositions, at/to/from
• Before meals, days and months
• Before next / last + day, week, etc.

VOCABULARY BANK

• FOOD AND COOKING
• CRAB = granchio
• COURGETTE = zucchine
• LOBSTER = aragosta
• CUCUMBER = cetriolo
• MUSSELS = cozze
• PRAWNS = gamberi
• SALMON = salmone
• LEMON = limone

sistemata/o- EASYGOING = tranquilla/o - RESPONSIBLE = responsabile- FRIENDLY = amichevole - SELFISH = egoista- GENEROUS = generosa/o - SENSITIVE = sensibile- HONEST = onesta/o - THOUGHTFUL = premurosa/o- IMPATIENT = impaziente - TRUSTWORTHY = affidabile- LAZY = pigra/o - HARDWORKING = laboriosa/o- OPTIMISTIC = ottimista - PESSIMISTIC = pessimista- PATIENT = paziente - IMPATIENT = impaziente- POLITE = educata/o - RUDE = scortese- QUIET = tranquilla/o - TALKATIVE = loquace- RELIABLE = affidabile - UNRELIABLE = non affidabile- RESPECTFUL = rispettosa/o - DISRESPECTFUL = irrispettosa/o- SERIOUS = seria/o - FUNNY = divertente- SHY = timida/o - CONFIDENT = sicura/o di sé- SMART = intelligente - STUPID = stupida/o- STRONG = forte - WEAK = debole- SUCCESSFUL = di successo - UNSUCCESSFUL = senza successo- TALENTED = talentuosa/o - UNTALENTED = senza talento- WISE = saggia/o - FOOLISH = sciocca/o= non spaventato/a<h2>SENZA PAURA</h2> <p>SPOILT = viziata/o</p> <p>TIDY = ordinata/o</p> <p>STUBBORN = testarda/o</p> <p>UNTIDY = disordinato</p> <p>REASONABLE = ragionevole</p> <p>TRUSTWORTHY = affidabile</p> <p>STARVING = affamata/o</p> <p>FALSE = inaffidabile</p> <h2>MONEY</h2> <p>BE WORTH = valere</p> <p>LEND TO = prestare a</p> <p>BORROW = prestare</p> <p>BORROW FROM = prendere in prestito da</p> <p>CAN'T AFFORD = non può permettersi</p> <p>CHARGE FOR = caricare per</p> <p>CHARGE = caricare</p> <p>GET INTO = entrare dentro</p> <p>COST = costare</p> <p>TAKE OUT = prelevare</p> <p>EARN = guadagnare</p> <p>PAY BACK = restituire</p> <p>INHERIT = ereditare</p> <p>LIVE OFF = mantenere</p> <p>INVEST = investire</p> <p>LIVE ON = quello che si ha bisogno per vivere</p> <p>LEND = prestare</p> <p>OWE = dovere</p> <p>BILL = conto</p> <p>RAISE = aumentare</p> <p>TAX = imposta</p> <p>SAVE = risparmiare</p> <p>LOAN = prestito</p> <p>WASTE = sprecare</p> <p>BUDGET = budget</p> <p>PAY BY = pagare con</p> <p>MORTGAGE = mutuo</p> <p>PAY FOR = pagare per</p> <p>SPENT ON = spendere</p> <p>INSURANCE = assicurazione</p> <p>INVEST IN = investire in</p> <h2>TRANSPORT</h2> <p>COACH = ...</p>sognare di - BELIEVE IN = credere in - FOCUS ON = concentrarsi su- CARE ABOUT = preoccuparsi di - LISTEN TO = ascoltare- COMPLAIN ABOUT = lamentarsi di - LOOK FORWARD TO = non vedere l'ora di- CONCENTRATE ON = concentrarsi su - RELY ON = fare affidamento su- CONSIST OF = consistere di - SPEAK TO = parlare con- COUNT ON = contare su - THINK ABOUT = pensare a- DEPEND ON = dipendere da - WAIT FOR = aspettare- DISAGREE WITH = non essere d'accordo con - WORRY ABOUT = preoccuparsi di

sognare su- ARRIVE AT = raggiungere - LAUGH AT = ridere di- ASK FOR = chiedere - BE LOOK TO = guardare a- BELIEVE IN = credere in - PAY FOR = pagare per- BELONG TO = appartenere a - REMIND OF = ricordare di- DON’T SPEND ON = non spendere - TALK TO…ABOUT = parlare con…diEMAILS• STARTING AND FINISHING EMAILS- Start: dear+first name/surname, dear, hello, hi- Finish: best wishes, kind regards, all the best​• STARTING THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF A EMAIL- Thanks for your email…- Thank you for your email about…- I am writing to request information about / complain about / apologise for / explain, etc• REFERRING TO SOMETHING IN A EMAIL WHICH YOU’RE REPLYING TO- Your short film sounds an excellent idea…- As for the audience,…- With reference to the audience,…- You mentioned/asked about the audience in your letter and…• COMPLAINT- I’m not very happy about + noun/verb + ing- I would like to complain about

+ noun/verb + ing- Sto scrivendo per lamentarmi di + noun/verb + ing• FARE SUGGERIMENTI- Cosa ne dici di + verb + ing- Cosa ne pensi di + verb + ing- Posso suggerire che…?- Suggerisco di + verb + ing• SCUSARSI- Mi dispiace per + noun/verb + ing (informale)- Vorrei scusarmi per + noun/verb + ing• INVITARE- Cosa ne dici di…?- Ti piacerebbe…?- Vorrei invitarti a…+ noun/infinito• DARE CONSIGLI- Dovresti…- Se fossi in te, farei…- Sarebbe una buona idea…+ infinito• CHIEDERE INFORMAZIONI- Potresti dirmi…- Mi piacerebbe sapere se…- Vorrei informazioni su…- Sai se/che/cosa, ecc…​FORMAZIONE DELLE PAROLE: PREFISSI​• PREFISSI NEGATIVI​ , CHE FORMANO PAROLE DI SIGNIFICATO OPPOSTODIS- disonesto, non essere d'accordo, scomparire, svantaggioIL- illegale, illiberale, illecito, analfabetaIM- impossibile, imperfetto, immodesto, impazienteIN- inaccessibile,

incorrect, inadequate, incalculable

IR- irresponsible, irregular, irrational, irrelevant

UN- unhappy, unfriendly, unfair, unbelievable

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA RIPETIZIONE

RE- rearm, rebirth, rebuild, recreate

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA COMUNANZA, COOPERAZIONE

CO- cooperation, co-exist, collaborate, coordinate

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA DIMINUZIONE, PRIVAZIONE

DE- deforestation, defrost, dehydrate, deregulate

• PREFISSI CHE INDICANO CHE QUALCOSA È MALFATTO O SCORRETTO

ILL- illbread, ill-judged, ill-informed,ill-treated

MIS- misunderstanding, misbehaviour, mistrust, misfortune

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA CHE QUALCOSA È IN ECCESSO

OVER- overpopulation, overweight, oversleep, work overtime

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA CHE QUALCOSA È IN DIFETTO, NON È SUFFICIENTE

UNDER- underweight, undernourished, undercooked, underestimate

• PREFISSO CHE INDICA PREVISIONE, ANTICIPAZIONE

FORE- foretell

foresee, forecast, forethought​
<ul>
<li>PREFISSI​ CHE INDICANO QUANTITÁ</li>
<ul>
<li>MONO- monolingual, monochrome, monorail, monotheistic</li>
<li>BI- bilingual, bimonthly, bicentenary, bicameral</li>
<li>TRI- trilingual, triangle, tripod, trimester</li>
<li>POLY- polytheistic, polysyllabic, polyphony, polyethylene</li>
<li>MULTI- multi-millionaire, multi-storey park car, multipurpose, multinational</li>
</ul>
<li>WORD FORMATION: SUFFIXES</li>
<ul>
<li>NOMI ASTRATTI-NESS happiness, darkness, illness, sweetness</li>
<li>SHIP friendship, relationship, partnership</li>
<li>HOOD childhood, brotherhood, motherhood</li>
<li>MENT development, disappointment, involvement</li>
<li>ANCE/-ENCE performance, independence</li>
<li>Y/-ITY/-IETY jealousy, urgency, immunity, variety</li>
<li>ATION/-TION education, explanation, connection</li>
<li>DOM boredom, martyrdom, kingdom</li>
</ul>
<li>NOMI CHE INDICANO ATTIVITÁ UMANE O FUNZIONI DI OGGETTI</li>
<ul>
<li>ER/-OR employer, actor, cooker, calculator</li>
<li>EE employee, interviewee, trainee</li>
<li>IST artist, novelist, scientist</li>
<li>IAN historian, politician, electrician</li>
<li>ANT/-ENT servant, assistant</li>
</ul>
</ul>superintendent• AGGETTIVI CHE INDICANO UNA QUALITÁ O UNA CARATTERISTICA -ABLE/-IBLE: reasonable, reliable, responsible, impossible -IVE: attractive, creative, explosive -OUS: spacious, dangerous, ambitious -Y: noisy, angry, pretty, tiny, healthy • AGGETTIVI CHE INDICANO NAZIONALITÁ -AN: Italian, American, Indian