Muscoli, origine ed inserzione

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation

- Iliopsoas (Psoas Femoral nerve (Iliacus),

major & Iliacus) Anterior rami of L1-L3

(Psoas major)

Psoas major T12-L5 vertebrae Lesser trochanter of

femur

iliacus iliac fossa Lesser trochanter of

femur

- Sartorius Anterior superior iliac Medial tibia (pes Femoral nerve

spine (ASIS) anserinus)

- Tensor Facia ASIS insert in the lateral Superior gluteal nerve

Latae aponeurosis (Fascia lata)

- Quadriceps

femoris:

Rectus femoris AIIS & ilium (above Patella (via quadriceps Femoral nerve

acetabulum) tendon) & tibial tuberosity

Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter & linea Patella & tibial tuberosity Femoral nerve

aspera

Vastus medialis Linea aspera & Patella & tibial tuberosity Femoral nerve

intertrochanteric line

Vastus intermedius Anterior & lateral femoral Patella & tibial Femoral nerve

shaft tuberosity(anetriory to the

tibia and behind condyles

)

2. Medial Compartment (Adductors of the Hip)

These muscles are primarily innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4) and function in hip adduction.

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation

- Gracilis Inferior pubic ramus Medial tibia (pes Obturator nerve

anserinus)

⅓ of

- pectineus pectineal crest head of femur Femoral nerve

- Adductor longus Body of pubis Middle third of linea Obturator nerve

aspera

- Adductor brevis Inferior pubic ramus Proximal linea aspera Obturator nerve

- Adductor

magnus:

Adductor part Ischiopubic ramus Linea aspera Obturator nerve

Hamstring part( Ischial tuberosity medial epycondyle Tibial part of sciatic nerve

- Obturator External obturator Trochanteric fossa Obturator nerve

externus membrane

3. Posterior Compartment (Flexors of the Knee, Extensors of the Hip)

These muscles, known as the hamstring muscles, are primarily innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-

S3) and contribute to hip extension and knee flexion.

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation

- Biceps femoris:

Long head Ischial tuberosity Head of fibula Tibial part of sciatic nerve

Short head Linea aspera (inferior Head of fibula Common fibular nerve

half)

- Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial tibia (pes Tibial part of sciatic nerve

anserinus)

- Semimembranos Ischial tuberosity Posterior medial tibial Tibial part of sciatic nerve

us condyle

Summary of Thigh Muscle Function & Innervation

• Anterior compartment: Hip flexion, knee extension (Femoral nerve)

• Medial compartment: Hip adduction (Obturator nerve)

• Posterior compartment: Hip extension, knee flexion (Sciatic nerve)

The muscles of the leg

are divided into three compartments: anterior, lateral, and posterior. Each compartment has specific

functions and is innervated by different nerves.

1. Anterior Compartment (Dorsiflexors & Toe Extensors)

These muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle and extension of the toes. They are

innervated by the deep fibular nerve (L4-S1).

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

- Tibialis Lateral tibial Medial cuneiform & Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion &

anterior condyle, base of 1st (L4-L5) inversion of foot

interosseous metatarsal

membrane

- Extensor Fibula (middle part) Base of distal Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion &

hallucis & interosseous phalanx of great toe (L5-S1) extension of great

longus membrane toe

- Extensor Lateral tibial Middle & distal Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion &

digitorum condyle, fibula, phalanges of toes (L5-S1) extension of toes 2-

longus interosseous 2-5 5

membrane

- tertius(ante Lower fibula & Base of 5th Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion &

rior) interosseous metatarsal (L5-S1) eversion of foot

membrane

2. Lateral Compartment (Evertors of the Foot)

These muscles function in foot eversion and weak plantarflexion. They are innervated by the

superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2).

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

- Fibularis Head & upper Base of 1st Superficial fibular Eversion & weak

(Peroneus) fibula metatarsal & nerve (L5-S2) plantarflexion

longus medial cuneiform

- Fibularis Lower fibula Base of 5th Superficial fibular Eversion & weak

(Peroneus) metatarsal nerve (L5-S2) plantarflexion

brevis

3. Posterior Compartment (Plantarflexors & Toe Flexors)

This compartment is divided into superficial and deep muscles. They function primarily in

plantarflexion of the ankle and flexion of the toes and are innervated by the tibial nerve (L4-S3).

Superficial Muscles (Powerful Plantarflexors)

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

- Gastrocne 2 heads:Medial & Calcaneus via Tibial nerve (S1- Plantarflexion &

mius lateral femoral Achilles tendon S2) knee flexion

condyles

- Soleus Posterior tibia, Calcaneus via Tibial nerve (S1- Plantarflexion

fibula & Achilles tendon S2)

interosseous

membrane

- Plantaris Lateral Calcaneus via Tibial nerve (S1- Weak plantarflexion

supracondylar ridge Achilles tendon S2) & knee flexion

of femur

Deep Muscles (Toe Flexors & Foot Stabilizers)

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

- Tibialis Posterior tibia, Navicular, Tibial nerve (L4-L5) Plantarflexion &

posterior fibula, interosseous cuneiforms, bases inversion

membrane of metatarsals 2-4

- Flexor Posterior tibia Distal phalanges of Tibial nerve (S2-S3) Toe flexion &

digitorum toes 2-5 plantarflexion

longus

- Flexor Posterior fibula & Distal phalanx of Tibial nerve (S2-S3) Great toe flexion &

hallucis interosseous great toe plantarflexion

longus membrane

- Popliteus Lateral femoral Posterior tibia Tibial nerve (L4-S1) Unlocks the knee

condyle (medial rotation of

tibia)

Summary of Leg Muscle Function & Innervation

• Anterior compartment → Dorsiflexion & toe extension (Deep fibular nerve)

• Lateral compartment → Foot eversion (Superficial fibular nerve)

• Posterior compartment → Plantarflexion & toe flexion (Tibial nerve)

Muscle of the arm

anterior compartment

muscle origin (o) insertion(i) Innervation

- Biceps brachi

Long head Supraglenoid tuberosity Radial tuberosity Medial: basilic vein

of scapula

Short head Apex of coracoid process Radial tuberosity Lateral: cephalic

- Coracobrachialis Apex of coracoid process Anterior mid-shaft of

humerus

- Brachialis Anterior inferior mid-shaft Ulnar tuberosity

of Humerus

posterior compartment

muscle origin(o) insertion(I) Innervation

- Triceps brachii

Long head Infraglenoid tuberosity Olecranon of ulna

Lateral head Posterior surface of Olecranon of ulna Radial nerve

humerus

Medial head Posterior surfce of Olecranon of ulna Radial nerve

humerus

The muscles of the forearm .

1. Anterior Compartment (Flexors & Pronators)

They are mostly innervated by the median nerve, with some muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

SUPERFICIAL

- Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle Base of 2nd & 3rd Median nerve Wrist flexion &

radialis of humerus metacarpals radial deviation

- Palmaris Medial epicondyle Palmar aponeurosis Median nerve Wrist flexion (weak),

longus of humerus tension of palmar

aponeurosis

- Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle Pisiform, hamate, Ulnar nerve Wrist flexion & ulnar

ulnaris of humerus, 5th metacarpal deviation

olecranon

- Flexor Medial epicondyle Middle phalanges of Median nerve Finger flexion

digitorum of humerus, radius digits 2-5 (proximal

superficialis interphalangeal

joints) & wrist

flexion

INTERMEDIATE

- Flexor Proximal 3/4 of ulna Distal phalanges of Median nerve (for Flexion of distal

digitorum & interosseous digits 2-5 2nd & 3rd digits), phalanges, wrist

profundus membrane Ulnar nerve (for 4th flexion

& 5th digits)

DEEP

- Flexor Radius & Distal phalanx of Median nerve Flexion of thumb

pollicis interosseous thumb (anterior (distal phalanx)

longus membrane interosseous

branch)

- Flexion of Distal ulna Distal radius Median nerve Forearm pronation

thumb (anterior

(distal interosseous

phalanx) branch)

2. Posterior Compartment (Extensors & Supinators)

The muscles of the posterior compartment are responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers, and

supination of the forearm. They are primarily innervated by the radial nerve.

Superficial Group:

Muscle Origin (O) Insertion (I) Innervation Function

SUPERFICIAL

- Extensor Lateral Base of 2nd Radial nerve Wrist extension &

carpi supracondylar ridge metacarpal radial deviation

radialis of humerus

longus

- Extensor Lateral epicondyle Base of 3rd Radial nerve (deep Wrist extension

carpi of humerus metacarpal branch)

radialis

brevis

- Extensor Lateral epicondyle Extensor Radial nerve Finger extension

digitorum of humerus expansions of digits (posterior (metacarpophalang

2-5 interosseous eal joints) & wrist

branch) extension

- Extensor Lateral epicondyle Extensor expansion Radial nerve Extension of 5th

digiti minimi of humerus of 5th digit (posterior digit

interosseous

branch)

- Extensor Lateral epicondyle Base of 5th Radial nerve Wrist extension &

carpi of humerus, ulna metacarpal (posterior ulnar deviation

ulnaris interosseous

branch)

DEEP

- Supinator Lateral epicondyle Proximal 1/3 of Radial nerve Forearm supination

of humerus, ulna radius (posterior

interosseous

branch)

- Abductor Posterior radius & Base of 1st Radial nerve Abduction of thumb

pollicis ulna, interosseous metacarpal (posterior

longus membrane interosseous

branch)

- Extensor Posterior radius & Proximal phalanx of Radial nerve Extension of thumb

pollicis interosseous thumb (posterior (proximal phalanx)

brevis membrane interosseous

branch)

- Extensor Posterior ulna & Distal phalanx of Radial nerve Extension of thumb

pollicis interosseous thumb (posterior (distal phalanx)

longus membrane interosseous

branch)

- Extensor Posterior ulna & Extensor expansion Radial nerve Extension of 2nd

indicis interosseous of 2nd digit (posterior digit

membrane interosseous

branch)

Summary of Forearm Muscle Function & Innervation

• Anterior compartment: Wrist & finger flexion, pronation (Median nerve & Ulnar nerve)

• Posterior compartment: Wrist & finger extension, supination (Radial nerve)

Muscle of the neck

Anterior muscle

- suprahyoid

- infrahyoid

- lateral muscle

muscle origin(O) insertion(I) innervation

SUPRAHYOID

- disastric muscle

posterior belly of digastric mastoid process anterior surface of hyoid Facial nerve

bone

anterior belly of digastric anterior from anterior digastric fossa Mandibolare nerve

surface of hyoid bone

- Stylohyoid anterior from anterior Body of hyoid bone Facial nerve

surface of