Esame Business english

PERKS

• SEVERANCE PAYMENT = TFR

= GOLDEN HANDSHAKE

• ASSESSMENT valutazioni personali direttore-dipendente

= APPRAISAL INTERVIEWS =

• SATISFY = soddisfare

- SATISFIED = soddisfatto

- UNSATISFIED = insoddisfatto

- SATISFACTION = soddisfazione

• MOTIVATE = motivare, spronare, incitare

- MOTIVATION = motivazione

- MOTIVATED = motivato, spronato

- UNMOTIVATED = immotivato, ingiusto

- MOTIVATING = stimolante, motivante

• FRUSTRATE = frustrare, ostacolare, scoraggiare

- FRUSTRATION = frustrazione

- FRUSTRATING = frustrante

- FRUSTRATED = frustrato

• RECOGNISE = riconoscere

- UNRECOGNISED = non riconosciuto

- RECOGNITION = riconoscimento

ffi fi fi fi fi

Passives

- Passive is used when we’re not interested in who performs an action, it’s not necessary to

The le was stolen The roof was damaged

know or it’s unknown -> ->

- The passive can be used in all tenses and if the agent who performed the action is known, it is

by -> The le was stolen by a secret agent

introduced with

- Passive constructions are common in formal contexts (ex. reports) and help create an

it

impersonal style. Using as subject avoids mentioning the person responsible for saying/doing

It was decided that costs would be limited to 250.000€ -> It was agreed that the

something ->

proposal should be rejected

Useful language It’s well over six gures

Cold calling It’s a very attractive part of the package

a form of sales solicitation from

calling is

(cold They give sta a substantial bonus - well

businesses to customers who've never interacted above the industry average

with the salesperson making the call. It generally

refers to phone-based conversations but technically

covers in-person door-to-door interactions, too.) Dealing with objections

Hello, Mr/Mrs. My name is… People often say that to me, but…

I work for X. I was given your name by… There’s another thing you should bear in

mind…

Sounding people out You can look at this in another way

Z suggested I call you. He/she thought you I take your point, but…

might be interested in…

I was wondering if you’d be interested in… Showing interest

Would you like some information about…? Perhaps we could discuss this face to face?

Persuading candidates to consider the Can you give me more details?

o er I’d like some time to think about this

KB is o ering a tip salary and great bene ts

Unit 6 - Risk

Vocabulary: describing risk

Verbs

• •

ANTICIPATE = EVALUATE

anticipare valutare, stimare

=

•

• WEIGH UP

CALCULATE valutare, comparare,

calcolare

= weigh STH/SB up

• confrontare

ESTIMATE stimare

= weigh up STH and STH

•

• ELIMINATE eliminare

=

FORESEE prevedere, anticipare

= •

• MINIMISE = minimizzare

ENCOUNTER incontrare

= •

• PRIORITISE = dare priorità, anteporre

GAUGE misurare

= •

• REDUCE = ridurre

IDENTIFY identi care

= •

• SPREAD di ondere, espandere

=

MEASURE misurare

=

Adjectives

• •

Slight = Serious =

scarso, debole, leggero serio

• •

Great = Negligible

grande = trascurabile, insigni cante

• •

Minuscule Signi cant

= minuscolo = signi cante

• •

Considerable = Imminent

considerevole, notevole = imminente

• •

Potential = Substantial

potenziale, eventuale = sostanzioso, considerevole

• •

Immediate = Terrible

immediato, istantaneo = terribile

• •

Huge = Tremendous

enorme = enorme, grandissimo

• Remote = remoto, lontano

Managing risks

Internal external

risks or risks

Four categories of risks: hazard, operational risks, strategic risks, nancial risks.

ff fi ff ff ff fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi

1. HAZARD

- Typhoons: tifone

- Hurricanes: uragano

- Fires: incendi

- Floods: alluvione

2. OPERATIONAL RISK

- Information technology: tecnologia informativa

- Supply chain: liera produttiva

- Employment: impiego, occupazione

3. STRATEGIC RISKS

- Competition: competizione

- Changing costumer demand: domanda consumatore che cambia

- Availability of new technologies: disponibilità nuove tecnologie

- Changing social and political pressures: pressioni sociali e politiche che cambiano

4. FINANCIAL RISKS

- Non availability of reasonably priced credit: non disponibilità di credito con prezzi ragionevoli

- Lack of liquidity: mancanza di liquidità

Idioms

• Bear to mind: immediately think of something

• Pave the way: make it possible for something to happen in the future

• Spread the risks: reduce the chance of large loss by sharing the risks

• ?

• ?

Adverbs

• •

A bit Moderately

= un po’ = moderatamente

• •

Entirely Quite

= completamente, interamente = abbastanza, piuttosto

• •

Exceptionally Rather

= eccezionalmente = piuttosto, alquanto

• •

Extremely Reasonably

= estremamente = ragionevolmente

• •

Fairly Slightly

= equamente, giustamente = leggermente, lievemente

• •

Fully Somewhat

= pienamente, completamente = alquanto, piuttosto

• •

Highly Totally

= altamente, estremamente = totalmente

• •

Increasingly Very

= sempre di più = molto

Useful language We can do that as long as…

Asking for opinions That’s OK if…

How do you feel about this?

Do you have strong feelings about this? Making suggestions

What’s your view on this? What about if we…

Giving opinions How about…

Well, I’m sorry to say, I think… I think we should…

Well, unfortunately, we’re going to have to…

I can’t see what the problem is Emphasising

I don’t want to repeat myself, but…

Agreeing I’m sorry to go on about his, but…

I think I agree with you there I do think this is really important

I couldn’t agree with you more

Absolutely! Exactly! Summarising

Disagreeing

Hold on now, don’t you think… So, we’ve agreed that…

I can’t go along with that I’ll just sum up on what we’ve agreed

Sorry, I can’t agree with you OK, let me recap

Adding a condition

I agree, providing we can…

fi Unit 7 - Management styles

Vocabulary: management qualities

• CONSIDERATE = cortese, gentile

- INCONSIDERATE = scortese, indelicato

- CONSIDERATION = considerazione, riguardo

• COMPETENT = capace, competente

- INCOMPETENT = incapace, incompetente

- COMPETENCE = competenza, capacità

• CREATIVE = creativo

- UNCREATIVE = non creativo

- CREATIVITY = creatività

• DIPLOMATIC = diplomatico

- UNDIPLOMATIC = poco diplomatico, privo di tatto

- DIPLOMACY = diplomazia

• EFFICIENT = e ciente

- INEFFICIENT = ine ciente

- EFFICENCY = e cienza

• FLEXIBLE = essibile, adattabile

- INFLEXIBLE = in essibile, irremovibile

- FLEXIBILITY = essibilità, adattabilità

• INSPIRING = stimolante, di ispirazione

- UNINSPIRING = poco stimolante, poco di ispirazione, poco entusiasmante

- INSPIRATION = ispirazione

• LOGICAL = logico

- ILLOGICAL = illogico, insensato

- LOGIC = logica

• LOYAL = leale, fedele

- DISLOYAL = sleale, infedele

- LOYALTY = lealtà, fedeltà, devozione

• ORGANISED = organizzato

- DISORGANISED = disorganizzato

- ORGANIZATION = organizzazione

• DECISIVE = deciso, risoluto, determinante

- INDECISIVE = indeciso, incerto

- DECISION = decisione

• RESPONSIBLE = responsabile

- IRRESPONIBLE = irresponsabile

- RESPONSIBILITY = responsabilità

• SOCIABLE = socievole, amichevole

- UNSOCIABLE = poco socievole, asociale

- SOCIABILITY = socievolezza, cordialità

• SUPPORTIVE = di supporto, incoraggiante

- UNSOPPORTIVE = non solidale, non di supporto

- SUPPORT = supporto

Contrasting management styles :

AUTOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC

= autocratico ≠ = democratico

CENTRALISING DELEGATING

= centralizzare ≠ = delegare

DIRECTIVE COLLABORATIVE =

= direttivo ≠ collaborativo

EMPOWERING CONTROLLING

= motivante, emancipante ≠ = controllante

fl fl ffi ffi fl ffi

HANDS-ON LAISSEZ-FAIRE

= partecipativo, sul campo ≠ = lasciar fare

TASK-ORIENTED PEOPLE-ORIENTED

= orientato ai compiti ≠ = orientato alle persone

Role of a manager

- -

Motivator Decision-maker

= motivatore = colui che prende

- decisioni

Mediator = mediatore -

- Friend = amico

Leader = capo -

- Organiser = organizzatore

Problem-solver = colui capace di risolvere - Role model

problemi = esempio, modello da seguire

- Monitor = supervisore, sorvegliante

Adjectives

• •

Anti-authoritarian Ruthless

= anti autoritario = spietato

• •

Approachable Self-motivated

= cordiale, disponibile = fortemente motivato

• •

Demanding Talented

= esigente = talentuoso

• •

Perfectionist Volatile

= perfezionista = instabile, pericoloso

Useful language

Stating the purpose

The purpose of my talk today is to…

What I want to do today is to…

My main objective today is to…

Involving the audience

What are its main selling points?

As I’m sure you all know,…

As you were aware…

Persuading

It will give us an adage over the competition

This will undoubtedly appeal to…

It has many outstanding features…

Emphasising

I’d just like to highlight…

I want to stress that…

I’d like to emphasize that…

Changing subject

Moving on to…

OK, now I’ll talk about…

Right, turning now to…

Referring to visuals

Let’s look at the chart

Let me draw your attention to the slide

Please take a look at the visuals

Discussing implications

What this means is…

The consequence of this is…

This has resulted in…

Exemplifying

For instance…

Let me give you an example

Let me give you an interesting statistic

Unit 8 - Team building

Vocabulary

Pre xes

• •

Mis Ex

= do badly = former

• •

Pro Bi

= in favour of = two

• •

Pre Re

= before = again

• •

Post Multi

= after = many

• •

Dis Hyper