Circular and Sustainable waste management

Intro

3 key words: CIRCULAR, SUSTAINABLE, WASTE

must blend together.

Sustainability even with limited resources.

Project (Work Group)

Design the SWM of your place.

• 3 block presentation:
  • 3 persons
  • 6 points
  • 2 for each person

In EU waste production:

• 1.5 kg/d/capita
• <5 kg/d/capita (mountain)

Waste Definition

Definition and meaning are different. The technical definition (and law definition) are needed to define waste.

Waste or resource? Debate in the EU to change the definition.

The informal sector is really important especially in developing countries.

Intro

3 key words: Circular, Sustainable, Waste

must blend together.

Sustainability even with limited resources.

Project (Work Group)

Design the SWM of your place.

• 3 Block Presentation:
  • 3 persons
  • 6 points
  • 2 per each person

In EU Waste Production:

• 1.5 kg/d/capita
• 1.5 kg/d/capita (maximal)

Waste Definition

Definition and meaning are different. The technical definition (and law definition) are needed to define waste.

Waste or resource? Debate in the EU to change the definition.

The informal sector is really important especially in developing countries.

The waste depends on:

• Time
• Location
• Culture
• Social conditions

Waste reflects our lives → varies in time and space

Current solid waste problems are related to:

• Urbanization: waste production from cities
• Industrialization: introduction of many chemicals and compounds in production and products

The most common definition:

• ITA: Waste is a left-over, a redundant product or material of no or marginal value for the owner and which the owner wants to discard.
• EU: Waste means any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.

Waste classification

Waste can be classified:

• on source (who/what generated the waste?)
• substance (what is it made of?)
• hazard properties (how dangerous is it?)
• management (who handles it?)
• or a mix of these concepts

About hazard properties:

• Non-hazardous is regulated at the regional or local (municipal) level
• Hazardous waste is usually regulated at the national level

Hazardous waste is waste that has been identified as potentially causing harm to the environment and human health and therefore needs special, separate treatment and handling. Flammability, corrosiveness, toxicity, ecotoxicity and explosiveness are the main characteristics of hazardous waste.

Generally, separate collection and handling are established to avoid contact with non-hazardous waste.

Chemical treatment, incineration or high-temperature treatment, safe storage, recovery and recycling are possible modes of treatment for hazardous waste. Most hazardous waste originates from industrial production.

*E-waste-PCB and various metals; Medical waste-infectious, toxic or radioactive or contain bacteria and harmful microorganisms; Radioactive waste contains radioactive materials.

Definition of HAZARDOUS through 15 categories (2008/98/EC), some of them:

• Explosive under the effect of flame, shock or friction
• Flammable in contact with air having flash point less than 55°C (highly flammable with a flash point less than 21°C)
• Toxic causing serious, acute or chronic health risks and even death through inhalation, ingestion or penetration of skin
• Carcinogenic including cancer or increasing cancer incidence through inhalation, ingestion or penetration of skin
• Corrosive by destroying living tissue on contacts
• Infectious due to viable microorganism or their toxins known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms.
• Hereditary genetic defects or increasing their incidence through inhalation, ingestion or penetration of skin
• Ecotoxic presenting any immediate or delayed risks for any sector of the environment

HP 1 Explosive HP 3 Flammable HP 9 Infectious HP 12 Toxic gas HP 14 Ecotoxic HP 15 Evolving

REACH

REACH is a European Regulation and is an acronym for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. The overall aims of REACH are to:

• Provide a high level of protection of human health and the environment from the use of chemicals
• Allow free movement of substances on the EU market
• Enhance innovation and the competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry
• Reduce animal testing by promoting the use of alternative methods of assessing chemicals

REACH entered into force on 1st June 2007 and replaced a large number of European Directives and Regulations in a single system.

The ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) is the body responsible for the administration of REACH in the EU. It manages the submission of data in the form of dossiers from industry and provides guidance and assistance to industry through its website, guidance and helpdesk.

Illegible identification:

• waste
• hazardous waste
• non-hazardous waste
• radioactive waste
• industrial waste, electronic waste, medical waste, etc.
• municipal waste
• other non-hazardous (industrial) waste (assimilated)
• organic waste
• packaging waste
• other materials: glass, plastic, metal, etc.

The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) is a list of waste code (LoW code):

An EWC Code is a six-digit code used to identify waste as listed in the European Waste Catalogue. It is formatted as three pairs of numbers. It identifies and classifies waste into categories according to how these wastes have been produced. It adequately describes the waste being transported, handled or treated.

It can also be referred to as a LoW Code (List of Waste Code).The use of EWC codes is a legal requirement across the EU.

Classifying the waste will help you to decide on the most appropriate treatment process.In addition, the code will also:

• identify the controls that apply to the movement of the waste
• identify suitably authorised waste management options
• provide guidance on whether waste is classified as hazardous waste or non-hazardous waste

Within each chapter there is a list of generic waste types that are classified under the industry sector, process or waste type. The wastes have a detailed description.

Each waste has a six-digit code, constructed as below:

• First pair of digits – correspond to the chapter number
• Second pair of digits - correspond to the subheading number.
• Third pair of digits – correspond to the code number of the specific waste type in the subheading.

The EWC includes so