Bambini

I bambini

Daniela Lusso 5°C

Liceo Linguistico

Esame Maturità 2007/2008 E. D’Arborea

Cagliari

Percorso tematico:

In questo percorso tematico ho scelto di discutere del rapporto fra l’essere fanciullo o bambino e il mondo dei grandi ed ho sviluppato questi argomenti basandomi su vari autori sia italiani che stranieri tramite alcune loro opere.

I bambini

Daniela Lusso 5°C

Liceo Linguistico

Esame Maturità 2007/2008 E. D’Arborea

Cagliari

Percorso tematico:

Filosofia: Lo sviluppo psicosessuale. Sigmund Freud.

Deutsch: Frühlings Erwachen. Frank Wedekind.

Français: Messieurs les enfants. Daniel Pennac.

Italiano: Il fanciullino e A mia moglie. Giovanni Pascoli e Umberto Saba.

English: Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens.

Bibliografia:

Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, 1838.

Frank Wedekind, Frühlings Erwachen, 1891.

Giovanni Pascoli, Il fanciullino, 1897.

Sigmund Freud, Lo sviluppo psicosessuale, in Tre saggi sulla teoria sessuale, 1905.

Umberto Saba, A mia moglie, in Canzoniere, sezione Casa e Campagna, 1909-1910.

Daniel Pennac, Messieurs les enfants, 1997.

Français: Messieurs les enfants

Daniela Lusso 5°C

Liceo Linguistico

Esame Maturità 2007/2008 E. D’Arborea

Cagliari

Français: Messieurs les enfants

Daniel Pennac (1944-…)

Sujet:

Vous vous réveillez un matin, et vous constatez que, dans la nuit, vous avez été transformé en adulte. Complètement affolé, vous vous précipitez dans la chambre de vos parents. Ils ont été transformés en enfants.

Racontez la suite.

Français: la fiche du roman

Messieurs les enfants

Le titre: Messieurs les enfants

Le auteur: Daniel Pennac (1944-…)

La édition: Éditions Gallimard, 1997

Le lieu: Belleville, Paris

Le temps: Quatre journées

La structure: 24 chapitres, 259 pages

Les personnages:

• Crastaing: Il est le professeur de Français. Il est aigri par les années et son travail. C’est lui qui donne le titre au sujet.
• Igor: Il a douze ans. Il est le fils de Tatiana, une veuve inconsolable pour la perte de son mari Pierre. Elle est assistée par Igor qui est trop mûr pour son âge.
• Joseph: Il est le meilleur ami d’Igor. Il est d’origines hébraïques et il est fils de Pope et Moune Pritsky. C’est le premier à se rendre compte que le sujet s’est transformé en réalité.
• Nourdine: Il est ami des deux autres. Il est d’origine arabe et il est fils d’Ismael, ex-chauffeur de taxi et maintenant peintre, et frère de Rachida. Elle est jeune et entreprenante. Nourdine est le plus rebelle de l’histoire.
• Pierre: Il est père d’Igor, défunt par une transfusion de sang infecté. Il est le narrateur de l’événement. Il est un fantôme, mais il ne croit pas aux fantômes.

Le commentaire: J’ai apprécié ce livre. En effet, voir des enfants transformés en adultes du jour au lendemain est assez surprenant. Pennac nous parle à travers ses petits héros de la responsabilité des adultes, mais de celle des enfants, des règles, du respect aussi.

Daniela Lusso 5°C

Liceo Linguistico

Esame Maturità 2007/2008 E. D’Arborea

Cagliari

English: Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

Oliver is a child of unknown parents, born in a workhouse, where he leads a miserable existence under the tyranny of Bumble, a beadle, that is a parish council officer. Actually all the boys are ill-treated and poorly fed.

The room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a copper at one hand; out of which the master, dressed in an apron for the purpose, and assisted by one or two women, ladled the gruel at meal times. Of this festive composition each boy had one porringer, and no more – except on occasions of great public rejoicing, when he had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides. The bowls never wanted washing. The boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed this operation (which never took very long, the spoons being nearly as large as the bowls), they would sit staring at the copper, with such eager eyes, as if they could have devoured the very bricks of which it was composed; employing themselves, meanwhile, in sucking their fingers most assiduously, with the view of catching up any stray splashes of gruel that might have been cast thereon. Boys have generally excellent appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months. At last they got so voracious and wild with hunger, that one boy who was tall for his age, and hadn’t been used to that sort of thing (for his father had kept a small cook’s shop), hinted darkly to his companions, that unless he had another basin of gruel per diem, he was afraid he might some night happen to eat the boy who slept next him, who happened to be a weakly youth of tender age. He had a wild, hungry eye; and they implicitly believed him. A council was held; lots were cast who should walk up to the master after supper that evening and ask for more; and it fell to Oliver Twist.

The evening arrived, the boys took their place. The master, in his cook’s uniform, stationed himself at the copper; his pauper assistants ranged themselves behind him; the gruel was served out; and a long grace was said over the short commons.

The gruel disappeared; the boys whispered to each other, and winked at Oliver; while his next neighbours nudged him. Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, said, somewhat alarmed at his own temerity, -

“Please, sir, I want some more”.

The master was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. He gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds; and then clung for support to the copper. The assistants were paralyzed with wonder, the boys with fear.

“What!” said the master at length, in a faint voice.

“Please, sir”, replied Oliver, “I want some more”.

The master aimed a blow at Oliver’s head with the ladle, pinioned him in his arms, and shrieked aloud for the beadle. The board were sitting in solemn conclave, when Mr. Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement, and addressing the gentleman in the high chair, said,-

“Mr. Limbkins, I beg your pardon, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more”.

There was a general start. Horror was depicted on every countenance.

“For more!” said Mr. Limbkins. “Compose yourself, Bumble, and answer me distinctly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten the supper allotted by the dietary?”

“He did, sir” replied Bumble.

“That boy will be hung”, said the gentleman in the white waistcoat.

“I know that boy will be hung.”.

Nobody controverted the prophetic gentleman’s opinion. An animated discussion took place. Oliver was ordered into instant confinement, and a bill was next morning pasted on the outside of the gate, offering a reward of five pounds to anybody who would take Oliver Twist off the hands of the parish. In other words, five pounds and Oliver Twist were offered to any man or woman who wanted an apprentice to any trade, business or calling.

“I never was more convinced of anything in my life”, said the gentleman in the white waistcoat, as he knocked at the gate and read the bill next morning-

“I never was more convinced of anything in my life, than I am that that boy will come to be hung”.

As I purpose to show in the sequel whether the white waistcoated gentleman was right or not, I should perhaps mar the interest of this narrative (supposing it to possess any at all), if I ventured to hint, just yet, whether the life of Oliver Twist had this violent termination or no.

Daniela Lusso 5°C

Liceo Linguistico

Esame Maturità 2007/2008 E. D’Arborea

Cagliari

Deutsch: Frühlings Erwachen

Frank Wedekind (1864-1918)

Zweite Szene (Wohnzimmer)

FRAU BERGAMANN: (den Hut auf, die Mantelle um, einen Korb am Arm, mit strahlendem Gesicht durch die Mitteltür eintretend) Wendla! Wendla!

WENDLA: Du warst bei Ina? wie geht es Ina? Will’s noch immer nicht bessern?

FRAU BERGAMANN: Denk dir, Wendla, diese Nacht war der Storch bei ihr und hat ihr einen kleinen Jungen gebracht.

WENDLA: Einen Jungen? Einen Jungen! O das ist herrlich. deshalb die langwierige Influenza!

FRAU BERGAMANN: Einen prächtigen Jungen!

WENDLA: Den muss ich sehen, Mutter! So bin ich nun zum dritten Male Tante geworden. Tante von einem Mädchen und zwei Jungens!

FRAU BERGAMANN: Und was für Jungens! So geht’s eben, wenn man so dicht beim Kirchendach wohnt! Morgen sind’s erst zwei Jahr, dass sie in ihrem Mullkleid die Stufe hinanstieg.

WENDLA: Warst du dabei, als er ihn brachte?

FRAU BERGAMANN: Er war eben wieder fortgeflogen. Willst du dir nicht eine Rose vorstecken?

WENDLA: Warum kamst du nicht etwas früher hin, Mutter?

FRAU BERGAMANN: Ich glaube aber beinahe, er hat dir auch etwas mitgebracht, eine Brosche oder was.

WENDLA: Es ist wirklich schade!

FRAU BERGAMANN: Ich sage dir ja, dass er dir eine Brosche mitgebracht hat!

WENDLA: Ich habe Broschen genug…

FRAU BERGMANN: Dann sei auch zufrieden, Kind. Was willst du denn noch?

WENDLA: Ich hätte so furchtbar gerne gewusst, ob er durchs Fenster oder durch den Schornstein geflogen kam.

FRAU BERGAMANN: Da musst du Ina fragen. Ha, das musst du Ina fragen, liebes dir das ganz genau. Ina hat ja eine ganze halbe Stende mit Herz! Ina sagt