Una guida alle medicine, malattie rare e anatomia umana

Tipi di medicine

Medicine may be divided into:

• Brand medicine: usually produced by pharmaceutical companies and patented in order to give the developer exclusive right to produce them; they cost more than generic medicine;

• Generic medicine: drugs that are not patent or whose patent has expired and may be produced or copied by other companies without restrictions.
Orphan disease=disease effecting fewer than 200000 citizens in the USA or having less than 5% prevalence in the community

Proprietà farmacocinetiche

LADME describes the pharmacokinetic properties and disposition of a pharmaceutical compound within an organism:

• Liberation: manner of release of a drug from its dosage form

• Absorption: movement of the medication into and throughout the bloodstream, absorption through the skin, intestine and oral mucosa

• Distribution: the way substances spread and are dispersed or disseminated throughout the body

• Metabolism: chemical conversion of medication into metabolites within the body

• Excretion: the way the medication is eliminated and removed from the body; it may occur through the kidney, bladder, feces or lungs and skin

Anatomia del corpo umano

Shoulder blade (scapola)

Elbow/arm joint (gomito)

Thumb (pollice)

Calf (polpaccio)

Shin (stinco)

Heel (tallone)

Toe (dita dei piedi)

Liver (fegato)

Kidneys (reni)

Bladder (vescica)

Gall bladder (cistifellea)