Concetti Chiave
- Free market economies rely on citizen decisions for the production of goods with minimal government interference, though they risk concentrating power among wealthier sectors.
- Centrally planned economies involve state control over production decisions, with historical examples including the former communist systems of China and Russia.
- Mixed economies blend free market and centrally planned elements, allowing citizen entrepreneurship alongside state-owned public sectors.
- Most of the world's major economies, like those in the European Union and the USA, operate under a mixed economic system.
- The mixed system aims to combine the benefits of both market and state control but may also inherit their respective disadvantages.
There are three main types of economic system:
- free market economy;
- centrally planned economy;
- mixed economy.
In a free market systems all decision about the production of good and a services are made by the citizens of the country with very litter interference from the government.
On the negative side, the wealthier sectors of society hold most of the economic and political power.
Essential services such as defence, education and health may be endangered if they are not profit-making.
In practice there are no pure free market economies in the world.
The closest examples of free market economies can be found in South East Asia in countries such as Singapore.
In a centrally planned economy all the decisions about the production of good and a services are made by the state.
A mixed economy is a combination of the two systems ( free market economy and centrally planned economy ) . In most areas, citizens are free to set up business to produce goods and services. The public sector is the part of the economy that is owned by the state. The private sector is the part of the economy that is owned and controlled by individuals and firms.
The mixed system enjoys the “best of both worlds”, but it can also have the disadvantages of both the free market and centrally planned systems.
Almost all the major economies in the world, including those of the European Union and the USA, are mixed systems.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuáles son los principales tipos de sistemas económicos mencionados en el texto?
- ¿Qué características tiene una economía de libre mercado según el texto?
- ¿Cómo se describe una economía mixta en el texto?
Los principales tipos de sistemas económicos mencionados son la economía de libre mercado, la economía planificada centralmente y la economía mixta.
En una economía de libre mercado, todas las decisiones sobre la producción de bienes y servicios son tomadas por los ciudadanos con muy poca interferencia del gobierno. Sin embargo, los sectores más ricos de la sociedad suelen tener la mayor parte del poder económico y político.
Una economía mixta combina elementos de la economía de libre mercado y la economía planificada centralmente. Los ciudadanos pueden establecer negocios libremente, pero también existe un sector público controlado por el estado.
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