Concetti Chiave
- Fabrics are divided into natural and man-made categories, with each further divided into sub-classes.
- Natural fibres include vegetable fibres like cotton and linen, and animal fibres such as wool and silk.
- Man-made fibres can be cellulose-based, like rayon, or non-cellulose based, such as polyesters.
- The manufacturing process of cotton involves steps like ginning, balling, carding, combing, drawing, cleaning, spinning, dyeing, and weaving.
- Cotton is the most commonly used fabric worldwide, processed from the bolls through multiple stages to become yarn or fabric.
Fabrics are classified according to their fibres. There are two main classes of fabrics - the natural and man-made fabrics. Each class is further classified into sub-classes.
Natural fibres
These are from either plants which are known as "vegetable fibres" for example cotton and linen; or from animals specifically called "animal fibres" for example wool and silk.Man-made or artificial fibres can be cellulose-based like rayon and acetate or non-cellulose based for example polyesters.
Manufacturing process of cotton fibres:
Cotton fabrics are the number one mostly used materials in the world for obtaining various clothes types and they are processed from the bolls by the following steps:
1. Ginning: This is the process of separating or removing cotton fibres from the seeds. The hairs left in the seed after gunning are called linters.
2. Balling: The ginned cotton is pressed into bales. The bales are sent to factory or mill.
3. Carding: At this stage, many shorter fibres are removed. The longer ones are formed into thick ropes. The ropes are called silvers.
4. Combing: This is the process or removing more short fibres.
5. Drawing: This is the process of twisting the ropes and making them ready for spinning.
6. Cleaning: The impurities in the cotton are removed in the mill.
7. Spinning: This is the process of making the twisted fibres into yarn or thread.
8. Dyeing: The yarn can be bleached or dyed iron different colours and woven into fabrics.
9. Weaving: The yarns are used to produce fabrics.
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