Concetti Chiave
- Ancient Palestine, known as the land of Canaan, was a key trade hub under Egyptian and Hittite influence.
- Jewish history, as narrated in the Bible, includes periods of enslavement in Egypt and subsequent liberation led by Moses.
- Jewish society faced socio-economic crises in the 13th century BC, leading to the formation of a monarchy under King Saul.
- The Kingdom of Israel fell to the Assyrians in 721 BC, and later the Babylonians destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BC.
- Jews are notable for pioneering monotheism, worshipping a single deity, which set them apart in Near Eastern history.
The "land of Canaan", then known as Palestine, it is a vital trade hub, and thus enjoys an exceptional development. For a long time was dominated by the Egyptians and Hittites and invaded by the "sea people". The Jewish civilization and Phoenicians know full development only starting from 1100 BC.
The Jews
The oldest history of the Jews are told in the Bible, a work that includes different texts dating back to a period between the 10th and 3rd-2nd century BC according to biblical tradition, around 1700 BC, some groups of Jews are emigrating in Egypt where they are enslaved.
are then freed under the leadership of Moses and return to Palestine (1250 BC).
Towards the end of the 13th century BC the Jewish society enters crisis and cause serious socio-economic difficulties. Under pressure from the Philistines, the various Jewish tribes organize and recognize the authority of a ruler: the first is king Saul (BC 1020). The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 721 BC.
In 586 BC the Babylonian army of Nebuchadnezzar destroys the Temple in Jerusalem. The return of the Jews, deported to Babylon, is made possible by the Persian victory on Babylonian army (538 b.c.).
The Jewish monotheism
If the Jews give rise to marginal status in relation to the political history of the Near East, they inaugurated a whole new way of looking at religion: they are the first people in history to be monotheistic, or loyal to one God.
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