Concetti Chiave
- Material gain during the late 19th century was believed to lead to spiritual loss, reflecting societal disillusionment post-World War I.
- The aftermath of the war left soldiers seeking pleasure or grappling with guilt, while the dissolution of the Empire fueled a sense of frustration and racial superiority.
- Freud's theories emphasized the impact of the unconscious on behavior, suggesting education and moral laws could distort human actions.
- Freud highlighted the significance of early development stages and how the dynamics between parents and children influence behavior.
- Einstein's theory of relativity challenged traditional views of time and space, with philosophers like William James and Bergson offering new interpretations of time's nature.
Indice
What is the relationship between material gain and spiritual loss?
During the end of the 19th century, the new belief was that material gain meant spiritual loss.
The mood of the country is disillusioned by the First World War: infact during the 1920s only privileged classes enjoyed the comfort.
When the war ended, some soldiers started the search of pleasure, other felt the sense of guilt for the horrors of war and had forgotten the purpose of war.
The dissolution of the Empire into the Commonwealth caused a sense of frustration which led to idea of white superiority.
At that time not even the science and religion seemed to offer security.
Scientists and philosophers abandoned the old giving rise to new views of man and the universe.
Freud's influence on behavior
Freud introduced new ideas in his essay The Interpretation of Dreams.
According to him, the behaviour is influenced by the unconscious, and the fact that the man made actions depending on irrational forces caused many disturbances.
According to him, education and moral laws can distort man’s behaviour.
He is interested in the questions of "libido", which manifested in the Oedipus phase where the child sees the father as the rival for his mother's affections.
The relationship between parents and children changed: according to Freud early developments were the most important.
The relationship between the sexes changed thanks to the struggles of the movement for women’s suffrage.
Einstein and the concept of time
Einstein discovered the relativity: this theory discarded the concepts of time and space.
The idea of Time was questioned by the philosophers William James and Bergson.
- According to James our mind records every experiences as a continuous flow of “the already” into “the not yet”.
- According to Bergson there are two kinds of time:
Historical time: which is external, linear and measured by the hands of a clock.
Psychological time: which is internal, subjective and measured by the relative emotional intensity of a moment. He said that a feeling could be measured in terms of the number of memories and perception linked to it.
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