Concetti Chiave
- Ferdinand VII's return to Madrid ended the Cadiz Cortes debates, rejecting the 1812 Constitution and restoring the Jesuits and the Inquisition.
- Liberals were supported by Carbonari propaganda and independence revolutions in Spain's American colonies, leading to military demands for the 1812 Constitution.
- Italy saw Spanish insurrection impacts, with Naples first to rebel, demanding the Spanish Constitution, while Sicily sought independence.
- In Turin, Carlo Alberto granted the constitution amid political upheaval, but Austria opposed revolutions, leading to international intervention.
- In Russia, the Decembrist revolt occurred after Tsar Alexander I's death, with Nicholas I suppressing the rebellion violently.
Spain
The return of Ferdinand VII in Madrid had put an end to the passionate debates of the Cortes of Cadiz, rejecting the 1812 Constitution absolution, restoring the Jesuits and reviving the Inquisition, which had been abolished by the French in 1808.
There were two factors played in favor of the liberals:
a) the intense propaganda of the Carbonari
b) The revolution for independence in the Spanish colonial empire in America.
In fact, the military refused to fight overseas unless the sovereign had not supported the constitution of 1812.
So the king put the constitution and called the Cortes in Cadiz.
Italy
The implications Spanish insurrection occurred mainly in Italy.
The kingdom of Naples was the first to rebel.
The squadron of cavalry stationed at Nola rose to cries "Long live the king, want the constitution of Spain."
Immediately, the commanders, who belonged to the Carbonari, sided with the rebels and the king had to grant the constitution.
In Palermo, however, the rebels rejected the Constitution to proclaim the independence of Sicily, sending a group of Neapolitan troops suppressed the rebels.
In Turin, Count Santorre Santarosa backed by Prince Charles Albert of Savoy, organized a bike.
When Vittorio Emmanuele I abdicated in favor of Carlo Felice, who at the time was in Sardinia, the government offered the regency to Carlo Alberto, who granted the constitution. Carlo Felice, not just taken possession of the kingdom, disavowed the elaborate Carlo Alberto for help to Austria.
Austria was opposed to revolutions, that scombussolavano sorting predetermined during the Congress of Vienna.
Assembly convened in the quadruple alliance (Austria, England, France, Russia), the English minister Castlereagh refused to be part of issues that did not interest his country.
So again convened a meeting in Ljubljana in 1821, and attended by the King of Naples, it was decided that Austria would help both the kingdom of Naples, which the House of Savoy, while France would fight against insurgents in Spain.
The motion Decembrists in Russia
A last attempt was made in Russia. On the death of Tsar Alexander I, had left no heir and next of kin were the Grand Duke Constantine and Nicholas I.
Constantine left the state in the hands of Nicholas I.
The parade for the new king (Nicholas I), 3000 soldiers revolted, but the Tsar opened fire bloodily suppressing the rebellion.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Qué eventos llevaron a la restauración de la Constitución de 1812 en España?
- ¿Cómo influyó la insurrección española en Italia?
- ¿Qué papel jugó Austria en las revoluciones de Italia y España?
La negativa de los militares a luchar en el extranjero a menos que el soberano apoyara la Constitución de 1812 llevó al rey a restaurarla y convocar a las Cortes en Cádiz.
La insurrección española inspiró rebeliones en Italia, como en el reino de Nápoles, donde los comandantes se unieron a los rebeldes y el rey tuvo que conceder la constitución.
Austria se opuso a las revoluciones y, en una reunión en Ljubljana en 1821, se decidió que ayudaría tanto al reino de Nápoles como a la Casa de Saboya, mientras que Francia lucharía contra los insurgentes en España.
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