Essay tips and structure

RARELY, BARELY, HARDLY

e.g.: 'Seldom has anyone succeeded in this business'

4. Adverbial elements including 'only': 'Only after the 1992 agreement on borderless trade, is the haze beginning to clear around the concept of the Common Market of Communications'

5. Adverbial elements including 'so', and also after 'so' as a conjunction: 'So critical did detecting the first failure become that designers decided to choose a redundant configuration' 'The constant rise in productivity is hardly attributable to human effort only, and so is the globalization of the market'

6. Adverbial elements of place: 'Inside the room lay scattered the basic elements employed for propulsion, sensing and control. Among them was the latest microprocessor'

NON-FINITE SUBORDINATE CLAUSES I go, she goes, we went, Finite verb forms show tense, person and number ( etc.)

Non-finite verb forms do not show tense, person or number:

1.

1. Infinitive forms (to+ infinitive)
2. Bare infinitive
3. Subjunctive
4. Participles

PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES

• -ing forms (present participles)

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

The man sitting on the sofa over there is Simon's brother.

2. CLAUSES of TIME + conjunction

After speaking to him, I decided to buy the car.

I didn't like him on first meeting him.

3. CLAUSES OF REASON

Being happy with my result, I decided to go out and celebrate.

Knowing that he would not call me, I called him.

4. CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

While fully understanding your problem, we can't help you.

Rather than doing that, I'd do anything else.

NB Participle clauses at the beginning of a sentence need to share the subject with the primary clause.

While fully understanding your problem, we can't help you. (We is the subject of the independent clause and of the participle clause)

Being in a dilapidated condition, I was able to buy the house very cheap. (incorrect, it looks like I am the one in a dilapidated condition)

dilapidated condition)PAST PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

1) RELATIVE CLAUSES

Her books, read all over the world, focus on the problem of…

2) CONCESSION CLAUSES

Although intended to be a nice surprise, the party was a disaster

3) CONDITIONALS

These accusations, if confirmed by the prosecutor, are going to be a serious issue for the defendant.

NB: PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVEING FORM

Present Participles = - ing form of a verb used as a subordinate clause

VSGerundives = - ing form of a verb used as a NOUNGERUNDIVES

Are either subjects, objects, or part of a complement in a clause:

I like gardening

I hate boxing

Too much eating is not good for you

Do you mind my/ / /smoking?

I appreciate your taking the time to read our report- ING FORMS AND INFINITIVES AFTER VERBS

VERB + ing form

admit finish miss

appreciate involve postpone

avoid keep practice

be worth mention propose

consider mind risk

delay dislike detest imagine can't help

enjoy prevent

fancy recall

forgive resent

feel like understand

We always

Being famous means being in the public eye. Celebrities are often chased by press photographers for a photograph that may sell for thousands of dollars to a newspaper or magazine. Some say the photographers have a right to make a living. In your opinion should there be limits on the press when it comes

Do celebrities have a right to privacy or do they lose it once they become famous? This is a topic that sparks debate among people. Some argue that celebrities should be entitled to privacy just like any other individual, while others believe that their fame comes at the cost of their privacy. Let's explore this issue further.

One example of a celebrity who has faced a constant invasion of privacy is Princess Diana. Despite being a member of the royal family, she was relentlessly pursued by the paparazzi, leading to her tragic death in a car accident while trying to escape them. This incident highlights the extreme lengths to which some media outlets go to capture every aspect of a celebrity's life.

On the other hand, there are celebrities who willingly share their personal lives with the public. They understand that their fame comes with a certain level of scrutiny and choose to embrace it. Kim Kardashian, for instance, has built an empire by allowing cameras into her home and sharing intimate details of her life on reality TV.

It is important to consider the impact of this invasion of privacy on celebrities' mental health. Constant media attention can lead to anxiety, depression, and even substance abuse. Many celebrities have spoken out about the toll it takes on their well-being.

However, some argue that celebrities should expect a loss of privacy when they enter the public eye. They argue that their fame and fortune are a result of their fans' support, and therefore, fans have a right to know about their personal lives. This argument is often used to justify the actions of paparazzi and tabloid journalism.

In conclusion, the debate over celebrities' right to privacy is a complex one. While it is important to respect their personal lives, it is also crucial to acknowledge the impact of their fame on their mental well-being. Striking a balance between public interest and personal privacy is a challenge that society must grapple with.

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studywould be devoted to popular culture. Do you agree? Support your opinion withreasons and examples.

In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or of studying at traditional schools. Having had an experience of online teaching, which form would you prefer. Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice.

Many people choose to learn a foreign language through self-study, that is, using the internet and other resources on their own, without formal instruction. Others believe that it is impossible to become fluent speaker of a foreign language in this way. What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-study methods when it comes to language learning?

ANALYSING THE TITLE

Being famous means being in the public eye. Celebrities are often chased by press photographers for a photograph that may sell for thousands of dollars to a newspaper or magazine. Some say the photographers have a right to make a living. In

Introduction

General statement: Popularity enjoyed by many people has the undeniable drawback of a life lacking in privacy.

Thesis statement: While some people maintain that professional photographers are allowed to intrude in celebrities' lives, others argue that the right of private moments remains undebatable. The truth, however, may be somewhere in the middle.

Body Paragraph - Topic sentences

1. Some think that lack of privacy is the price to pay for a life in the spotlight. For example...; moreover...; in...

other words………;

2. On the other hand, others suggest that limits should be provided not to cross the line, and respect at least the most private moments of famous people. In fact, ……..; with this regard, a good example might be……. A possible limit might be…..; another aspect which should be taken into consideration is….

3. In my view; in my opinion; my view on this issue is….. I am of the opinion that… In my humble opinion… My thoughts on the matter are that… As far as I am concerned, As far as my opinions on the matter are concerned,… On the whole, I tend to agree with… due to the fact that…

CONCLUSION«In conclusion, concluding…. To sum up, ….»

• But more in general: Your topic sentence should summarize what you said in your thesis statement
• This suggests to your reader that you have accomplished what you set out to accomplish

Do not simply

restate your thesis statement, as that would be redundant • Rephrase the thesis statement with fresh and deeper understanding •Your conclusion is no place to bring up new ideas • Your supporting sentences should summarize what you have already said in the • body of your essay If a brilliant idea tries to sneak into the final paragraph, you must pluck it • out and let it have its own paragraph in the body, or leave it out completely Your topic for each body paragraph should be summarized in the conclusion • Wrap up the main points •Your closing sentence should help the reader feel a sense of closure ESSAY TIPS ESSAYS (discoursive essays/papers/summaries) GOALS: 1) Being able to construct an argument 2) Being able to link points together in a logical sequence 3) Using appropriate discourse markers to connect, contrast and balance points What is going to be evaluated? Content: This focuses on how well the candidate has fulfilled the task, in other words, if

they have done what they were asked to do.

Communicative Achievement: This focuses on how appropriate the writing is for the task, and whether the candidate has used the appropriate register.

Organisation: This focuses on the way the candidate puts together the piece of writing, in other words, if it is logical and ordered.

Language: This focuses on vocabulary and grammar. It includes the range of language as well as how accurate it is.

EXAMPLES

Text is a well-organised, coherent whole, using a variety of cohesive devices and organisational patterns with flexibility

Examples of the variety of cohesive devices and organisational patterns: Not only... but also, hence, Yet, in spite of, Even though, Therefore, Let us hope, then that...

Longer and more complex forms, e.g. inversion, modals, subordination, adverb clauses

NEVER FORGET TO... ANALYSE THE ESSAY QUESTION!!!

HOW TO PLAN:

1. Analyse the essay question identifying the topic, the essay type

1. Brainstorming of vocabulary and ideas

2. Decide which idea goes in which paragraph

3. Write the introduction, paraphrasing the topic rubric or using a general statement. State your intention

4. Develop the main body: choose best points, and write a topic sentence (the controlling idea of the paragraph) for each paragraph. Write supporting sentences and give examples.

5. Write the conclusion do not give new information in this section

PLANNING WHA