Appunti esercizi handout per esame Lingua Inglese e comunicazione multimediale, prof Silvia Masi

Figura retorica e giochi di parole

DETERMINED RUTHLESS

WELL BUILT FAT

IMITATION FAKE

CHATTING GOSSIPING

EXCITED HYSTERICAL

SMILES SNEER

ELDERLY OLD

RESERVED COLD

SELF CONFIDENCE SELF SATISFIED

EASY-GOING LAZY

SERIOUS DULL

CURIOUS NOISY

OUTGOING ARROGANT

SHY COWARD

STUBBORN RESOLUTE

METAFORE: neutral nouns can assume negative connotation: This lawyer is a shark

METAFORE EXTENSIONS: surf the net; website in construction; virtual environment

METONYMY: downing street->The Government; The ham sandwich has asked for the bill (the person who has ordered the sandwich.

SOUND SYMBOLISM: repetition of some sound: She sells sea by the sea shore; Polo candies: "o": shape of the font, articulation of the mouth when you say it.

WORDPLAY: diet pills have fat chance of success.

PARALLELISM AND REPETITION(3-ELEMENT PATTERN): same structure, different expression->to strengthen a concept: He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns.

ALLITERATION: is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or

closely connected words: Sylly Sophie Sang to Sam (Alliteration of S)

ASSONANCE: is the repetition of vowel sounds, usually at the beginning of successive words: Amy actually arrived (assonance of A)

RHYME: the repetition of similar sounds at the end of a word: Red and Bed

THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES: Evaluation + physical description (size, shape, age, colour) + origin + material + subtype/noun modifier head noun: They keep their pencil in empty glass jam jars

COLLOCATIONS: combination of words that are commonly used together: describe a circle; construct a triangle; drop a perpendicular…

FIXEDNESS: strong collocations: green jealousy

Tagg: spelling variants or textism, in Sms, Instant messages platforms. Words that tend to be respelt are short and common: To/2; Be/b; Tomorrow/to.

Letter homophones/phonetic spellings: l8a/later; 2geva/together; nuffing/nothing.

Clippings: lil/little, hu/honey, k/okey.

Assertion: they are making a mistake, personally, I think…

MARKERS OF MANNER: (describe how an action happened): Hopefully,

Awkwardly, DejectedlyMARKERS/STANCE OF ATTITUDE(expressing the writer’s attitude to something in the story): Stupidly, naturally, fortunately, unsurprisingly,,TIME MARKERS(referring to time): Finally, Eventually, a few years ago, on my first day there, this time, then…EPISTEMIC STANCE: (modal verbs) markers of certainty, uncertainty, evidence: it seems, I think, reportedly, certainly, really, probably, may, possibly, it would seem… might, may, should, can, could…STYLISTIC STANCE(manner in which the message is offered): seriously, it seems that she is ashamed that…Vocabulary PC AND WEBAvatars->our digital incarnationStartup->a new company at an early stage of developmentEmbed->to insert something (software, web address..) into another programErrors->something that is wrong or done incorrectly, a mistakeHead up->to manage or run a business or part of a businesshashtag->the # sign is on Twitter as a kind of function code for social

1. interactionsupersite->it offers links to other websites on a certain topic
2. microbrowser-> a program designed to display web pages on PDAs and mobiles (mobile browser)
3. megabyte-> unit of memory (1 million bytes)
4. intranet-> private network restricted to a company's internal use
5. operator-> a person who operates equipment or a machine
6. compressioncompression-> The action of altering the form of data to reduce the amount of storage necessary (compressione)
7. convertible-> able to be changed in format
8. adware-> software devised to display advertisements (tipo di software)
9. cyber-slacker-> An employee who uses his company's Internet connection during work hours to chat with friends, play games, etc.
10. e-signature-> You can now sign legal documents online using it (firma virtuale)
11. web portal-> a site on the Web that acts as a gateway to other sites
12. clip board-> a holding place for texts or graphics you've just cut or copied
13. menu-driven program-> it lets you select

a command from amenuset up-> the way in which a program or device is configured

scroll bar-> part of a window that lets you move through adocument

search engine-> a program used to find information on the Web

outgoing email->blocks spam->instant messaging->install->plug the webcam into your PC->getting trolled on social media->to burn CDs->destroyed by flamers->to stream audio->in real time->under construction->material freely available on the Web->lurking online->log onto my internet bank account->to log off->to surf the web->visit chat rooms->send and receive emails->software compatible with operating system->webcams plug into a USB port->on the Web->download music or video->to log in with username->pushing back the frontiers of knowledge->publish their findings->harnessing technology->New cutting-edge design->Run smoothly->Installing equipment and hardware->Loss of data->Power

cut->Machinery to lose power->Production may be halted->Power is restored->data is fed into the computer system->Instruction are processed by the CPU->Results are displayed on the monitor->Icons and taskbar can be customized to cater->Messages are posted->Computer system needs to be upgraded->Files can be upload->Anti-virus program->to run programs->connect to a telephone line->hold down the mouse over an icon->drag it across the screen->to hit Enter->bring your cursor down->start button->Computers-> are made of hardware and software:hardware-> is any electronic or mechanical part of the computer system that you can see or touch.Software-> is a set of instructions, or program, which tells a computer what to do.There are different hardware sections:->CPU-> is a microprocessor chip that processes data and coordinates the activities of all the other units.Main memory-> holds the data processed by the CPU.RAM->partof the main memory (random access memory) ROM->part of the main memory (read only memory) Referrals-> are attached to the computer. They are: ->Input devices-> e.g. the keyboard and the mouse, which enable us to enter data and commands; Output devices-> e.g. the monitor and the printer, which let us extract the results; Storage devices-> e.g. hard disks, which are used to store information At the back of a computer there are->Parts->into plug scanner which we can external devices-> (e.g. a USB flash driver, a memory stick, a modem, or etc.). log in-> v. connect to a computer using a username and password/ n. page or act of registering permission to use a program (connettersi) hook up-> to connect wires from machines to a power source or other machines (collegare) power up-> provide power to a machine (accendere) is booting up-> begin running a computer system (si sta avviando) to set up-> v. to install a new computer program or assemble a computer system / n. thethe plug in function (collegare) The process of adding information using a computer program (installare) to pull down -> v. choose from a menu of options in a computer application extending down from the action bar like a window blind / n. a menu of options (tirar giu') click on -> move a mouse over an item and press to select (cliccare su) scroll down -> to move slowly to the top or bottom of a text (scorrere giu') run out of -> exhaust a supply of something (esaurire) back up -> v. make an extra copy of a file / n. an extra copy of a file (fare le copie) print out -> v. send an electronic document to a printer / n. a printed document (stampare) hacked into -> enter a computer or network illegally (hackerare) went down -> stop operating properly (fuori uso) wipe out -> completely erase or delete files (formattare) pop up -> v. to appear suddenly / n. an advertisement that appears suddenly on a computer screen (pop up) plug in -> v. insert a cord into an outlet or port / n. an addition to a software program that performs the plug in function (collegare)

A certain task (collegare) - signed up-> register with a service (registrarsi)

Key in-> type or enter characters using a keyboard (scrivere con la tastiera)

Opt in-> choose to receive advertising or messages (scegliere)

Filter out-> remove unwanted email messages (filtrare)

Shut down-> end a session on the computer by closing all applications (spegnere)

Go online-> to use the Internet / not use the Internet (collegarsi ad internet)

Websites pop-ups->Web crawler->Blog client->Junk email-

Formal register (registrazione formale)

Informal register (registrazione informale)

No contractions

Ellipsis of the subject

Spell out numbers less than contracted forms 100

Third person point of view

Fragmented answers

Avoid using too many emoticons

Passive form

Avoid using slang, idioms, avoidance principles-exaggeration (hyperbole)

Leave out unnecessary words

Omit unnecessary punctuation marks

Avoid abbreviations and interjections (hehe, ooh)

Acronyms

Do not start sentences with choice of colloquial and words like "and, so, but, informal"

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS:

• LOGOGRAMS (&, +, 4)
• EXCLAMATION MARKS
• DIRECT ADDRESS FORM
• COMMANDS (IMPERATIVE FORM)
• “G” CLIPPING (DRIVIN, GOIN…)
• GIVE PERSONAL EXAMPLES
• USE THE PRONOUNS I AND YOU

Parts of an email:

1. Introduction of the topic
2. The explanation of the problem
3. The description of the steps that are been taken
4. The request for action
5. The inclusion of contact details
6. Closing section

FORMAL EXAMPLES

INFORMAL EXAMPLES

NOT ON TIME/HAS BEEN DELAYED

RUNNING LATE

INCREASED

WENT UP

SIGNIFICATLY/MARKANTLY/CONSIDERLY

A LOT

IMMEDIATELY

NEEDED AT ONCE

RIGHT NOW

FIVE MINUTES

FIVE

BE REQUIRED TO PAY FOR

SHELL OUT

POLICE

COPS

COMPLETELY FULL

BANG UP TO DATE

BOUGHT

GOT

PRONOUN OMMISSION

OF THE PRONOUN

AFFIX

STICK

REQUEST

ASK FOR

CONSULTING

TALKING TO

BUY

GRAB

CLUE

IDEA

BRIEFLY

IN A NUTSHELL

I AM WRITING WITH REGARD TO

I’M WRITING ABOUT

I’VE ALREADY PURSUED THIS MATTER

I’VE ALREADY DISCUSSED ABOUT THE PROBLEM

IN ORDER TO RESOLVE THIS MATTER, I

TO PUT THINGS RIGHT, I AM REQUESTING

THAT YOU WAN