Technical Assessment of Built Environment - Appunti corso

Limitati effetti delle azioni sul sistema

Prof. G. Paganin

Le azioni sul sistema possono avere effetti negativi, limitati e condizionati dalla condizione di equilibrio. Le potenziali perdite sono esponenziali.

States of Fragility 2016: Understanding Violence

The report showcases emerging thinking about violence, presents a new risk-based approach to monitoring various dimensions of fragility, and looks at financial flows in support of fragile contexts. Understanding Violence finds that development, peace and security efforts in the developing world have not kept pace with the new reality of violence. We need to dedicate more resources and attention to violence. And to be effective, we need to put people – especially youth – at the centre of our efforts.

Robustness

The term robust is an adjective referring to a capacity for withstanding 'vague approximations' and/or 'zones of ignorance' in order to prevent undesirable impacts, notably the degradation of.

The properties to be maintained (Roy B., 2005). The research dealing with robustness seeks to insure this capacity as much as possible. Consequently, robustness is related to a process that responds to a concern: the need for a capacity for resistance or self-protection.

Arguably, the concepts of robustness and reliability are very similar. However, there is a critical difference. Reliability is remaining unchanged within specified limits while robustness is remaining unchanged outside of specified limits.

To be robust is to withstand stress due to X-Events.

Resilience- The ability to adapt to changing conditions and prepare for, withstand, and rapidly recover from disruption (US Department of Homeland Security Risk). A resilient built environment is 'designed, located, built, operated, and maintained in a way that maximises the ability of built assets, associated support systems (phy-sical and institutional) and the people that reside or work within the built assets,

Resilience: the ability to withstand, recover from, and mitigate the impacts of threats. (Bosher)

Adaptive capacity: the adaptive capacity of a community in a complex and changing environment. (ISO 37101 Sustainable development of communities - Management systems - Requirements with guidance for resilience and smartness)

Ability to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover: the ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions. (IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

Ability to resist being affected: the ability of an organization to resist being affected by an event or the ability to return to an acceptable level of performance in an acceptable period of time after being affected by an event.

Capability to maintain functions and structure: the capability of a system to maintain its functions and structure in the face of internal and external change and to degrade gracefully when it must.

XI. WHOLE LIFE

COST

Why do we have to talk about it?

Construction and Real Estate Industry is in a large crisis and investors are more careful to profitability.

Attention to life cycle of the built assets is more and more increasing even in a perspective of sustainable use of natural resources (see life cycle assessment process and environmental certification of products and buildings).

Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC:

• It should hence be made clear that except where it is assessed on the basis of price only, contracting authorities can determine the most economically advantageous tender and the lowest cost using a life-cycle costing approach. The notion of life-cycle costing includes all costs over the life cycle of works, supplies or services.
• Common methodologies should be developed at Union level for the calculation of life-cycle costs for specific categories of supplies or services. Where

‘life cycle’ means all consecutive and/or interlinked stages, including research and development to be carried out, production, trading and its conditions, transport, use and maintenance, throughout the existence of the product or the works or the provision of the service, from raw material acquisition or generation of resources to disposal, clearance and end of service or utilisation;s for specific categories of supplies or services. Where such common methodologies are developed, their use should be made compulsory.

Article 67: Contract award criteria

1. Without prejudice to national laws, regulations or administrative provisions concerning the price of certain supplies or the remuneration of certain services, contracting authorities shall base the award of public contracts on the most economically advantageous tender.
2. The most economically advantageous tender from the point of view of the

The contracting authority shall be identified on the basis of the price or cost, using a cost-effectiveness approach, such as life-cycle costing in accordance with Article 68, and may include the best price-quality ratio, which shall be assessed on the basis of criteria, including qualitative, environmental and/or social aspects, linked to the subject-matter of the public contract in question.

Article 68: Life-cycle costing

1. Life-cycle costing shall, to the extent relevant, cover parts or all of the following costs over the lifecycle of a product, service or works:
1. Costs borne by the contracting authority or other users, such as:
• Costs relating to acquisition
• Costs of use, such as consumption of energy and other resources
• Maintenance costs
• End of life costs, such as collection and recycling costs
2. Costs imputed to environmental externalities linked to the product, service or works during its lifecycle, provided their monetary value can be determined and verified