Stampa e televisione

Unit 1 Lesson 2 KEYS

Exercise 1

What kind of text is this? Descriptive; instructive

What is its function? Informative; metalingual

What is its message? People should be aware of media constructions

Who is the addresser? Teacher / media expert

Who is the addressee? Students

What is the context? Education on the use of media

Which are the contact and the code used by the author? Computer (website); written (digital) Canadian English, formal

Exercise 2

1. a. All media are construction
2. h. The media construct reality
3. b. Audiences negotiate meaning in the media
4. f. Media have commercial implications
5. e. Media contain ideological and value messages
6. g. Media have social and political implications
7. d. Form and content are closely related in the media
8. c. Each medium has a unique aesthetic form

Exercise 3

1. (T)
2. (F – not entirely)
3. (F – almost always influenced by commercial concerns)
4. (T)
5. (F – it is always influenced by the media)
6. (F – all media can be

(enjoyable)Exercise 4

How many times is the word media repeated? 17 + 1 medium

List all the words linked to the media (synonyms, derivatives, hyponyms, antonyms)…

no synonyms

no derivatives

no antonyms

media literacy, media messages, media production, media products

television, advertising…

and all the reference words (pronouns and demonstratives) used in substitution

they, they, they, its own (referred to ‘each medium’)

Exercise 5

1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T; 5. F; 6. T; 7. F.

Exercise 6

Integrate/marginalize; censorship/free speech; dominant elite/dissident; fairness/bias

Exercise 7

inculcate – propaganda system – propaganda model – filter out the news – marginalize dissent – bias –manipulating the news – imposing its own agenda – diverting attention

Exercise 8

a. Are there any ellipses and/or substitutions? If yes, list them below:

the omission of the subject in lists of actions

the other (case) (last line)

(ex. lines 10-11; line

1. no substitutions with one, do, so, same
2. the omission of where (line 9)

• the (mass media): exophoric
• It (traces the routes): anaphoric
• It (is their function): cataphoric
• These (filters): anaphoric
• (integrate) them: anaphoric
• what (is newsworthy): cataphoric
• (makes) it (clear that); cataphoric
• make it difficult to…: cataphoric
• It (is much more difficult to…): cataphoric
• those (of friendly governments): anaphoric
• This (is especially true): anaphoric
• what (is villany): cataphoric
• themselves: anaphoric
• What (is on the agenda): cataphoric

• Addition AND, NOT ONLY…
• Cause SO THAT
• Opposition WHILE
• Time

1. martyr
2. propaganda
3. crusade
4. hell-hole
5. ambiguity
6. emancipation
7. oppression
8. autocratic

Exercise 2 : Connotation

A probable answer is:

Positive: freedom-fighter; liberation; martyr; hero; self-determination

Negative: terrorist; uncivilised; occupation; oppressor; rogue states; dark forces

The word militant can be in either category depending on the point of view of the speaker.

Exercise 3

What kind of text is this? - Argumentative

What is its function? Informative - metalingual

What is its message? Words can be weapons when they are used carelessly, aside from other culturesdifferences, especially those emerging during the conflicts with the middle east

Who is the addresser? A journalist, maybe an editorialist.

Who is the addressee? Readers of The Guardian

What is the context? The harsh debate around terrorism.

Which are the contact and the code used by the author? The newspaper/Written standard English.

Exercise 4

1 c; 2 a; 3 c; 4 b:

Exercise 5

1 f; 2 h; 3 b; 4 e; 5 a; 6 g; 7 d; 8 c

Exercise 6: Prepositions

1. on
2. of
3. on
4. to
5. against/ from
6. to
7. in
8. on

Exercise 7: Word formation

• declaration – oppression – definition – recognition – addition – destruction – acceptance – avoidance – resistance – occupation

Exercise 8: Opposites

1. careless (reckless)
2. dangerous
3. insensitive
4. uncivilised
5. unclear
6. autocratic
7. unacceptable
8. illegally

Exercise 9: Connectives

• TIME: when… soon after…; when; as ever; before.
• ADDITION: not only…. but (double conjunction); and.
• CONTRAST: but; however; yet.
• PLACE: where.
• REASON: because.
• ALTERNATIVE: whether… or….
• COMPARISON: as if.

Exercise 10 (Grammar box on connectives)

1. otherwise (result)
2. so... that (degree – extent)
3. however (contrast)
4. as well as (addition)
5. but (contrast)
6. in case (condition)