Riassunto schematico parte in inglese Lingua Inglese 4

Translation Theory

• Nida discusses 1969 meaning and equivalence
• Focus on natural concepts: formal and dynamic equivalence
• Transfer equivalent effect
• How translators perceive and communicate translation
• New rules: transference + problems

Roman Jakobson - concepts of translation 1959

• Statutory
• Kinds: intralingual, interlingual

Within same language different verbal mediums

Metalingual function - 2 linguistic systems language

Referential - syntactic surface structure: panel

Reference is modifier speaker extra - speech

Signifier: symbol concept

The 1949 Jakobson to understand meaning provided by animals even if the juce were zero occurrences: free concept of things in relation

Equivalence of meaning (people) = no gap between code similar

Ling. universalism -> theory if may meaning or comparable code reduction

But shared ability of thinking and experiencing world

Ling rel. is determinants = reference language multiple different concept

of few words

Note American Hop - no words for time

Esperanto nose and for snow

but people from hot climates notice differences

between blue/snow

Linguistic differences -> experience

difference in what they must convey

not may convey

Joel of translation = movie

la casa F, das Haus N, the house

Aspect in Russian verb morphology varies

As where the action has been completed

not

Semantics feeds -> kinship terms

kloski

• John H. borrow Sf

strings = formal

social science of translat

theory and practice of translation

recent work -> analysis

from Chomsky's work on a surface -> structure

theory of a unified generative theory

sentences

linguistic structure

setence

Paragraph

(1) phrase Structure rules provide underlying

deep structure

(2) transformed by transformational rules producing

one underlying structure to another

Act -> pass

to produce

final surface structure

subject to

principled and morphonemic rules

(3) most basic kernel sentences

purple are declar with

minimum thought

ex. The wolf attached

the sheep

also incorporates reflections of an units science of translation

it provides the translation

with a rational for describing it

and classing it making race functional elements out of which

language builds its elaborate performance

• Something
• finit

medicine covers the base transformation

analyzed using someone trans

grammar types

of functional class

• events -> verbs (not only)
• objects -> nouns
• -> prepositions and function
• adj + articles
• relational's -> affixes, prep, conj, coplan

NDA -> 2 basic orientation -> types of equivalence

• Formal
• Dynamic

No Mere literal, free, faith ful

Describe ➔ displaying assumptions and modulations

the differences between the two languages of theme,

how Apersp regards old ratios

OPTION ➔ not displaying changes in translator's own style or change in emphasis

• Analytic or indicative x general terms; this ➔ third person
• Changes must also show when TL in flexible: transfer justice with phase
• out of TL & SL ‹‹
• close to TL re: dominance
• more modern

➔ EXPRESS THE NUANCES OF THE MESSAGE

VAD A ANALYTICAL STEPS ➔

1. Identify points of translation
2. Examine the SL text, evaluating the descriptive, affective and intellectual content of units
3. Reassess the idiomatic content of the message
4. Evaluate the stylistic effects
5. Produce and revise the TT

CATFORD ➔ Translation shifts

Shifts/siate changes occuring in translation

Catford wrote a chapter about it in A Linguistic Theory of Translation 1965

Distinction between

• FORMAL CORRESPONDENCE
• TEXTUAL EQUIVALENCE (later developed by Baker)

Formal correspondence x Any category (unit, class, element) which can

be said to occupy (read nearly or partly the same force in the economy, is true that so far given

as category occupies the SL

₆

Leaver's pragmatic level of analysis

b. Levers of equivalence levels

• word
• above-word
• grammar
• phonemic structure
• clause
• pragmatic levels

• coherence
• presupposition
• implicature

Coherence depends on the hearer’s or reader’s expectations and experience of the world. = may not be the same for ST and TT

Magic hands! synonym

The splendid Knightsbridge sole is shook the main fore hand

Presupposition clearly related to coherence = pragmatic inference relates to life and existing knowledge the reader assumes he receives to have or which are necessary in order to retrieve the sender's message

Implicature figuring what speaker means or impures rather than what is being said

Translation and Gender: Enemy Friend (Coutois, Meunier)

• From a friend: soldiers, people
• Sense of dominance, fidelity, faithfulness, betrayal
• Uncovering realities, impostors
• Pope, service, hand of generation after Babel

Defined between means of promotion

• Is deviance and refers to original writing and
• Role of women = exposed in poetry and literature

Fidelity towards writing project

• Both writer and translator participate

Ex: Translation project in 80s Canada

• Focus: translators emphasize their learning and ideological position
• Meaning of linguistic markers of gender
• Sex = in man and or female
• Control of M in crucial rights against sexism
• Pedagogical outline (context)
• Personification ex: dama one once the
• context

• Construction of women translators amongst women
• Introduction de France féminism theory
• Feminist translations of the Bible

• Resistance former translators great classics of Russian German
• Susan M. Leonor Harms, Guillermo Cabrera Infante’s Tres Tristes Tigres

• New work:
• important for self-confidence of deviance,
• Acknowledgment certain betrayal =
• Transcribing a male discourse these forms of the woman betrayed

Lecione Seconda

Oppositori Analytic of translatio

Domestication minimizes a foreign text word for the target reader

Lawrence habil remoto

• FP target reader's subject as experiencing/understanding the foreign text
• 2) for the foreign text using previous terms

• for its original language context

Domestication is explored

• Its receiving foreign as foreign

Is, I France lawri's translation mastery

Therefore, primarily a system of textual deformation in TT produces foreignness to be seen.

Negative Analytic

• Concerns with erasing and hypertext the translation

• For domestication pi primarily exposed to communicative forces, which
• Determine the desire translator + form of TT

—> These tendencies can be...psychos every analysis proving translator aware of the power of more.

Deforming Tendencies = 12

1. Rationalization:
2. Justification of syntactic structures including punctuation and sentence structure and etc.
3. Abstract metaphors to generate

1. Clarification:
2. Undergo explanation, x makes it clear what does not want to be clear in the original

1. Expansion: Live swinging and bon ton
2. TT is shifted & larger than ST
3. ex shiftification to reduce the clarity of the comic voice