Frederick Douglass - Life and Analysis

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Preface and Contributors

The preface of "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself" was written by various journalists, with Philips and Garrison being the most notable contributors. Douglass had been a slave himself in Maryland, and Garrison underlines that the most significant experience for Douglass was not the condition of slavery itself, as it was not especially harsh. The most striking part of his experience was captured in his descriptions and feelings. Born on an unclear date and even bought as a slave, these aspects marked his narrative.

Structure of the Autobiography

The autobiography of Douglass consists of eleven chapters and an appendix at the end. In the first chapter, he begins his narration with his birth and family relations. He mentions minimal communication between them. Douglass saw his mother only four or five times in his life, as she was hired by Mr. Stewart, who lived far from his home. He noted that he received the news of her death with scant emotion.

Life in Maryland

In Maryland, Captain Anthony, a slaveholder, and his daughter lived under the care of a cruel man, Plummer, who inflicted stripes and violence on men. His master's family consisted of two sons, a daughter, and her husband. Slaves were not allowed beds to sleep in, and the children unable to work in the field had neither shoes, jackets, nor trousers. Douglass introduces other names: Mr. Severe, another cruel figure, Colonel Lloyd, and Mr. Hopkins, who were less cruel and violent.

The Great House Farm

The slaves selected to go to the Great House Farm were enthusiastic, singing poems or melodies. Upon arrival, they saw a large garden, probably the greatest attraction, rich with fruits. Mr. Gore's brutality was matched only by the coolness with which he committed savage deeds upon slaves.

Desire for Freedom

Douglass desired freedom, holding the conviction of "intellectual detachment." He talks about his relationship with his wife, a woman of the kindest heart and finest feeling. Douglass "understood the best way from slavery to freedom." He lived with Master Hugh's family for about seven years; his mistress, Lucretia, died after Douglass' return to Baltimore, and he ironically mentioned that his heart was desolate.

Escape from Slavery

In the tenth chapter, Douglass recounts leaving Master Thomas's house to live with Mr. Covey for one year. In the eleventh chapter, he narrated his escape from slavery, tricking Master Hugh and gaining his freedom.

Expression Through Writing

"Written by himself" is an affirmation rich with pride and determination; Douglass wanted to express himself through writing. The project of slavery was something inhuman, and he acknowledged its inherent superiority over other forms of oppression.