Appunti Inglese Grammatica e Vocaboli

Grammar book! Phrasal verbs (PV/PHV)

Base verb + particle

Separable

Take off, give up, call off.

I took off my sweater = I took my sweater off (direct object is in the middle).

If the direct object (complemento oggetto) is a pronoun I must use “I took it off”. I took off it is impossible.

Inseparable

Look for, look after.

I’m looking for my friend = I look for him.

Pag. 16: phrasal verbs

To be over = to finish, inseparable. Finire.

The game is over.

To be on: acceso, condition.

To be off: spento, condition.

To be back = to switch on: accendere, action.

To switch off: spegnere, action.

To look forward to verbo-ing, inseparable: non vedere l’ora.

I can’t wait.

To sign off [sain] = to close a letter/a email. Separable. Chiudere una mail/lettera.

It’s a salutation.

To give up: stop doing smt. Separable, arrendersi.

To find out = to discover, separable, scoprire.

To carry out = make smt specific: separable: carry out it. Svolgere/effettuare.

No: carry it out.

A study: ricerca.

Survey: ricerca di mercato.

To put on = separable: mettersi addosso i vestiti.

To come back = inseparable (intransitive).

To swing away = to change direction, inseparable (intransitive).

1

To look on something = inseparable. No look it on, ma solo look on it.

To take off: decollare.

To pick up = to collect. Pick them up: andare a prendere, raccogliere da terra, ritirare una macchina, imparare lingua.

Dato il particle, trovo verb

Particle verb.

Away: put = mettere via. Put it away. I’m going to put the car away.

Off: put: postpone a meeting. Put it off. They put off the meeting, to/until 11 o’clock. Relativo sempre a un evento (meeting, lesson, match…).

Through: put = put through (+ to). Separable: I’m putting you through to him: glielo passo.

Connecting a person to another on the phone. Could you put me through to the manager, please?

Up: put = put up someone. I put you up. Don’t worry, we will put you up for the night = give a bed for a night/host for the night: ospitare.

Up with: put = to tolerate/to accept. Inseparable: We had to put up with their children when they visit us. Someone/something annoying. I can’t bear/I can’t stand = inseparable, sopportare.

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Pronoun them

Con parole in generale (any, a person, friend, student) se devo usare il pronome, uso “them”, anche se è plurale.

Mario usually works on his laptop, checks e-mails on his mobile phone/cell phone and reads books. Now: he’s people watching because he’s writing a novel in his spare time.

Alissa: usually by car, now by train because the car is breaking down. She usually tries to work. Now: close eyes, relax.

Steve: usually listens to mp3 player for listening podcast. Daydreams: win the lottery.

Wanda: usually studies MBA course, now is breathing exercise to relax, she’s focusing on her breathing in and out.

Present simple and present continuous

Present simple: describing the present situation 365 degrees (conditions, habits). As soon as I stop doing it, only for a period of time, it becomes doing present continuous. (I’m teaching now, this week, not always, in this period.)

Present simple is used also when there is a timetable (orari lezioni, inizio spettacoli..), when we decide a matter of facts (if you don’t study, you don’t pass the exam – if you put your hand on fire it gets burnt) = zero if clause.

Present simple: usually, habits..

Pag. 16.

Present continuous for plans in the near future:

I verbi di stato (be, see, love…) non usano il present continuous!

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Future

To fly to Paris.

Pg. 166-167-168.

1) Planned (almost sure) = present continuous.

I’m flying to Paris tomorrow.

Con action verbs, not feeling and perception verbs (love, like, see…) = even if smt is planned, with those verbs I must use will form.

I verbi di stato (be, see, love…) non usano il present continuous!

2) Intention = to be going to..

I’m going to fly to Paris soon.

Air France has introduced many flights, so many people are going to fly to Paris = forecast based on facts.

Oh look at those clouds, it’s going to rain* = forecast based on facts: it’s more sure: sale di 1 gradino sulla scala.

Uncertain/forecast/opinion for the future = will.

3) I think I’ll fly to Paris.

If they call off the strike (sciopero), I’ll fly to Paris.

More people will fly to Paris next year.

Think, hope, suppose, maybe, perhaps, if clauses (that have a condition, it means that’s not sure), always weather forecast (except forecast based on facts* that are more sure).

Con action verbs, not feeling and perception verbs (love, like, see…) = even if smt is planned, with those verbs I must use will form.

Promise and offer doing smt.

4) Will.

Don’t worry, I’ll come to your home and help you.

4

Snap decision.

5) Will.

Decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla.

What do you prefer? Mmmm, I’ll fly.!

Oggi 90% degli americani usa to be going to nel parlato, anche se la situazione non lo permette.

Ma è impossibile con 4 5.

How to switch for a future to another

What are you doing tonight?

Pag. 9 n. 8, pag. 17 n. 6.

Leggo, dico quale mi piace e spiego almeno 3 attività, pag. 9 n. 8b.

-Ing form

Continuous form.

• Adjectives (boring, interesting…)
• Used like a noun
• Smoking is bad for your health
• Watching television
• After like, love, hate
• After expression with preposition (on, of…)
• I’m tired of teaching you
• I’m keen on reading
• Instead of relatives clauses
• The people that are listening to me = the people listening to me

Double object verbs

I’m giving a pen to you = double obj + indirect object.

I’m giving you a pen = double object + double object.

Suggest! = non è un double object!!!

5

Question: (question expression) + auxiliary/modal +