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Estratto del documento

UNCERTAIN/ FORECAST/OPINION FOR THE FUTURE WILL

3)

I think I’ll fly to Paris

If they call off the strike (sciopero), I’ll fly to Paris

More people will fly to Paris next year

Think, hope, suppose, maybe, perhaps, if clauses (that have a condition, it means that’s not

sure), always weather forecast (except forecast based on facts* that are more sure)

CON ACTION VERBS, NOT FEEELING AND PERCEPTION VERBS (LOVE, LIKE, SEE…)  even

if smt is planned, with those verbs I must use WILL form.

PROMISE AND OFFER doing smt

4)

WILL

Don’t worry, I’ll come to your home and help you 4

SNAP DECISION

5)

WILL

Decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla

What do you prefear? Mmmm I’ll fly.

! oggi 90% degli americani usa to be going to nel parlato, anche se la situazione non lo permette.

MA è impossibile con 4 5.

HOW TO SWITCH FOR A FUTURE TO ANOTHER:What are you doing tonight?

Pag9 n. 8 pag 17 n.6

Leggo, dico quale mi piace e spiego almeno 3 attività pag . 9 n. 8b

-ING FORM:

CONTINUOS FORM

 ADJECTIVES (boring, interesting…)

 Used like a noun

 Smoking is bad for your health

Watching television

After LIKE, LOVE, HATE,

 After expression with PREPOSITION (ON,OF…)

 I’m tired OF teaching you

I’m keen on reading

Instead of RELATIVES CLAUSES

 The people thath are listening to me = the people listening to me

DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS

I’m giving a pen to you  DOUBLE OBJ + INDIRECT OBJECT

I’m giving you a pen  DOUBLE OBJECT + DOUBLE OBJECT

SUGGEST

!  NON è UN DOUBLE OBJECT!!! 5

QUESTION:

(question expression) + auxiliary/modal + subject + (verb) + (all the rest) + (preposition)

QUESTION AUXILIARY/ MODAL SUBJECT VER ALL PREPOSITI

EXPRESSION B THE ON

RES

T

- why, when, which, - Do, be, have About (what

what, … + NOUN is this text

- Can, may, might, about?)

- Howmuch/many(long/o could, have to,

ften/old/deep/far…. should, shall,

should,

Exceptions:

WHO TOLD YOU? = who told you?

WHAT BROKE DOWN? = what did you break?

WHO & WHAT in alcuni casi possono non avere il soggetto.

 6

I’m waiting for the bus?  Which bus are you waiting for?

QUESTION TAGS

You don’t like football, do you?  ALWAYS THE OPPOSITE!!!

ECHO QUESTIONS  mostrare sorpresa  are you?!

UNCONTABLE:

Travel  ma si può dire: trip, trips / journey journeys / voyage

Work

Information

Homework

Advice

News

SOLUZIONI

WHO/WHAT

45.1

What fell off the shelf?

Who wants to see me?

Who took your umbrella?

What made you ill?

Who is coming?

45.2

Who did you phone?

What happened last night?

Who knows the answer?

Who did the washing-up?

What did Jane do?

What woke you up?

Who saw the accident?

Who did you see?

Who has got your pen?

What does this word mean?

45.3 7

Who phoned you last night? What did she want?

Who did you ask? What did he say?

Who got married last week? Who told you?

Who did you meet? What did she tell you?

Who won? What did you do after the game?

Who gave you a book? What did Catherine give you?

PREPOSITIONS AT THE END

45.1

What are you looking for?

Who did you go to the cinema with?

What was the film about?

Who did you give the money to?

Who was the book written by?

45.2

What are they looking at?

Who is he writing to?

What are they talking about?

What is she listening to?

Which bus are they waiting for?

45.3

Which hotel did you stay at?

Which football team does he play for?

Which school did you go to?

PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFET

PAST SIMPLE:

Formation:

Add –ed at the end

 Some verbs are irregular

Pronunciation:

I lived (livd)  elimino la pronuncia della vocale

I worked (workd)

! CASI PARTICOLARI:

-t  rent -ed

-d  forward –ed

Use:

Focus on moments on the past, when an action happened. When in a question there is

“when”.. PRESENT PERFECT

Ausiliare HAVE/HAS + verb-ed COMPARISON: 8

Present perfect is the link between the past and the present : cosa ha provocato

una cos del passato sul presente

It began in the past, and there is again now in the past until now

Situazioni presenti

If a thing is finished past simple!

 Last week, when, anno, data past simple

3 important cases:

1) DURATION FORM  FOR/SINCE

I have taught you for 2 months

I have taught you since last February

Your high school teachers taught you for 5 years  isn’t in the past and now, it’s finished!

2) CONSEGUENCES OF THE PAST ON THE PRESENT

a. “I’ve lost my cell phone!” “…where is??” “ ohh.. I left it on the bank counter!” 

Sometimes and some places in the past I’ve dropped my cell phone, but now I’m

without it.

b. “the window is broken, someone has broken the window!”

c. scrivo una mail perchè non sono sicura che un PACCO (PARCEL) sia arrivato:

Dear Miss Colombai,

I hope you’ re fine. I’m writing you because I’d like to know if the parcel I have send is

with you. / if you have received the parcel I send you/my parcel

3) DECRIBING ACTION PERFORMED AT THE PRECEDING TIME, WITH NO MENTION TO

WHEN

So it’s again in the past until now!

 “I have been to London twice”. “OH, when was that?” (ora con when torno al past

o simple) “ I went last year and last week”

My grandfather died before I was born, and I haver met him in my life” oppure: and he

o never met me, so I’ve never met him” io sono ancora viva lui no

MODAL VERBS and SEMI-MODALS*

Non servono gli ausiliari, è come se li sostituissero

 Semi- modals:

VOLERE: WANT TO *

 VORREI: to would like to *

Will  MAI

VOLERE : can

 9

VORREI: could BUT IS ALSO THE PAST, WHEN YOU SPEACK ABOUT

 GENERAL ABILITY: when I was a child I could play the piano #

SAPERE FARE: I can swim # I can go

 BE ABLE TO*: (n presente, condizional e past for general abilities es: yesterday

 I wasn’t able to opne this door) .

POSSIBILITYsi sostituisce con may e might  danno l’idea che una cosa sia probabile, non sicura

Maybe = forse = may be = può essere  da qui il verbo to may = indica forse posso fare una cosa

Maybe i could came tomorrow = I might/may came tomorrow

Possibility  I could came tomorrow

Probability  I may/might came tomorrow.

May isn’t usually used to ask permission

DOVERE: must (rules, set istructions, things necessary)  is only present

Have to* = è usato per tutti gli altri tempi verbali x cui non posso usare must

Sono intercambiabili in tutti i casi, ma non quando sono negativi!

Mustn’t  real negative of must

Haven’t /don’t have to  it means: it not necessary (not non devi fare come mustn’t!)

Es: to attend university you must pay fees.

To attend high school in England you must wear a uniform

To attent hisg… in Italy you don’t have to wear uniform

per indicare il negative di must lo uso x altri tempi verbali uso:

TO BE ALLOWED TO: MUST NEGATIVES IN ALL THE TEMPI Last year you Weren’t

 allowed to..

To be allowed non è usato nelle affirmative (anche se volendo si può), lo uso solo

quando è neccessario: ovvero col negative di must 10

LEZIONE 4 MAGGIO:

VERB MAKE

MAKE SMTH OUT =decifrare “can you make out what she’s writing on the board?

Can you make out what they are saying next the door?

DIFFERENT MEANING OF WAKE UP:

TO APPLY/TO MAKE UP

To make up = truccarsi

TO MAKE UP A STORY/TO INVENT = inventare

TO MAKE UP SEX /TO BECAME FRIENDS AGAIN

TO BE MADE UP OF SMTH/composition of something = essere compost. About structure to

consist of  to be composed si usa SOLO per la musica!

TO BE MAKE UP FOR SMT recuperare She spent 3 weekd with her family to make up for her

long absence

ALTRE COSE FATTE DA RECUPERARE!!! :

Pag 57 e 58 libro leggere  modali e correggere con le key il compito

 Reading going to college  se c’è un cambio di parola bisogna stare attenti perché cambia il

 significato. Can even diverso da often. Se pezzi di info non sono dati nel testo, è falso.

Listening about green economy e vocaboli sul green  esercio pag 68 n. 2 3 4

 11

IF CLAUSES:

pag. 68- n. 5-6 pag 69 n. 7-8 pag. 83 n.5-6 pag. 101 n. 6-7

clause = proposione

main clase = principale

if clause = secondaria

1) ZERO TYPE: if you touch the fire, you get burnt.

If you lock the door, nobody can come in

In entrambe si us ail PRESENT SIMPLE.

Matters of fact = dato di fatto  real thing that general happens  cosec he SEMPRE E

GENERALMENTE succedono!

Are interchangeable?

Get = viene usato principalmente per il riflessivo.

2) TYPE ONE

In a kitchen with children, you have to say them: if you touch the pan, you’ ll get burnt

future in main clause, present simple in the if clause

direct consequence in a precise case.

DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES OF TYPE ONE:

Type one isn’t only if clauses, there could be an adverb on the beginner of the secondary

clause, es:

UNLESS  unless I feel better, I won’t go out.  a meno che non

AS SOON AS The report is ready, I’ ll send it yo you

WHEN The report is ready, I’ ll send it yo you

Before you came, I’ll finish it

After you came, I’ll finish lunch

3) TYPE TWO

Imagining a situation and it’s consequence, it’s not a real consequence in a precise case,

it’ a hypothesis.

Se fossi.. farei  l’ ipotesi si fa come in italiano.

If I were a dog, I would fallow my owner everywhere.

Past simple nella if clause e conditional nella main clause. 12

Uso il passato perchè, anche se quella cosa non è mai successa nel passato, in inglese il

congiuntivo lo fanno col past simple  che è un UNREAL PAST.

Se io fossi  if I were

Different between past simple e unreal past: unreal past ha tutte le forme uguali  con be,

tutte le forme hanno WERE!

Oggi nell’ inglese passato usano lo stesso if I were.

I wish i were there ALTRO CASO, in cui però si usa were anche x I

4) TYPE 3

REGRET

If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam

Past perfect if clause, perfect conditional nella main clause.

MIX of two types:

! mix of type 2 + type 3 :

If I had attend this course last year, I wouldn’t be here now

If I begin with past perfect it could be conditional of perfect conditional.

W

Dettagli
Publisher
A.A. 2015-2016
23 pagine
SSD Scienze antichità, filologico-letterarie e storico-artistiche L-LIN/12 Lingua e traduzione - lingua inglese

I contenuti di questa pagina costituiscono rielaborazioni personali del Publisher susannadv di informazioni apprese con la frequenza delle lezioni di Lingua inglese e studio autonomo di eventuali libri di riferimento in preparazione dell'esame finale o della tesi. Non devono intendersi come materiale ufficiale dell'università Università degli Studi dell' Insubria o del prof Colombai Orietta.