Appunti Inglese Grammatica e Vocaboli

GRAMMAR BOOK!

PHRASAL VERBS (PV/PHV)

Base verb + particle

SEPARABLE (take off, give up, call off)

 I took of my sweater = I took my sweater off (direct object is in the middle)

If the direct object (complemento oggetto) is a pronoun I must use “I took it off” I took off it

is impossible.

INSEPARABLE(look for, look after)

 I’m looking for my friend = I look for him

PAG. 16:

TO BE OVER = TO FINISH inseparable Finire

The game is over

TO BE ON Acceso  condition

To BE OFF Spento  condizion

TO BE BACK =

TO SWITCH ON Accendere  action

TO SWITCH OFF Spegnere  action

TO LOOK FORWARD TO VERBO-ING inseparable Non vedere l’ora

I can’t wait

To SIGN OFF[sain] = to close a letter/ a email Separable Chiudere una

it’s a salutation mail/lettera

TO GIVE UP stop doing smt Separable arrendersi

TO FIND OUT = to discover separable scoprire

TO CARRY OUT = make smt specific : Separable: carry out it Svolgere/ effettuare

NO: CARRY IT OUT

A study SI

Research

Survey Ricerca di mercato

TO PUT ON = separable Mettersi adosso I

vestiti

TO COME BACK = Inseparable

(intransitive)

TO SWING AWAY = to change direction Inseparable

(intransitive) 1

TO LOOK ON SOMETHING = Inseparable NO LOOK

IT ON, ma solo look

on it

TO TAKE OFF decollare

TO PICK UP = to COLLECT PICK THEM UP Andare a prendere

Raccogliere da terra

Ritirare una macchina

Imparare lingua

DATO IL PARTICOLE, TROVO VERB:

PARTICL VERB

E

AWAY PUT  Mettere via Put it away I’m going to put the car away

OFF PUT Postpone a meeting Put it off They put off the meeting, to/until 11

o’clock.

 Relativo sempre a un

evento (meeting,

lesson, match…)

TROUG PUT  PUT TROUGH (+ TO) Separable: I’m putting you trough to him glielo

H  connecting a person put passo

to another on the someone Could you put me trought to the

phone. trought to manager, please?

someone

else

UP PUT  PUT UP SOMEONE I put you up Don’t worry we will put you p for the

night

= give a bed for a

night/host for the

night: ospitare

UP WITH PUT To tollerate/ to accept Inseparable: We had to put up with their children

someone something 3 pieces is when they visit us.

annoing/I can’t bear / I always

can’t stand = inseparable

sopportare 2

PRONOUN THEM

Con parole in generale(any, a person, friend student) se devo usare il pronome, uso “them”, anche

se è plurale.

Mario usually works on his laptop, checks e mails on his mobile phone/cell phone and reads books

. NOW: he’ s people watching because he’s writing a novel in his spare time

Alissa: usually by car, now by train because the car is broking down. She usually tries to work.

NOW: close eyes relax

Steve: usually listens to mp3 player for listening podcast. daydreams win the lottery

Wanda: usually study mba course, now is breathing exercise to relax, SHE’S FOCUSING ON HER

BREATHING IN AND OUT.

PRESENT SIMPLE and PRESENT

CONTINUOS .

PRESENT SIMPLE: describing the present situation 365 degrees (condtions, habits, ). As

soon as I stop doing it, only for a period of time, it becomes doing present continuos. (I’m teaching

now, this week, not always, in this period.)

Present simple is used also when there is a timetable (orari lezioni, inizio spettacoli..), when we

decide a matter of facts (if you don’t study, you don’t pass the exam – IF YOU PUTS YOUR HAND

ON FIRE IT GETS BURNT)  ZERO IF CLAUSE.

PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, habits..

Pag. 16

PRESENT CONTINUOS FOR PLANS IN THE NEAR FUTURE:

I verbi di stato (be, see, love…) non usano il present continuos! 3

FUTURE

To fly to paris

Pg 166-167-168

1) PLANNED (almost sure)  PRESENT CONTINUOS

I’m flying to Paris tomorrow

CON ACTION VERBS, NOT FEEELING AND PERCEPTION VERBS (LOVE, LIKE, SEE…)  even

if smt is planned, with those verbs I must use WILL form.

I verbi di stato (be, see, love…) non usano il present continuos!

2) INTENTION  TO BE GOING TO..

I’m going to fly to Paris soon

Airfrance has introduce many flights, so many people are going to fly to Paris forecast based on

facts

Oh look at those clouds, it’s going to rain*  forecast based on facts: it’s more sure: SALE DI 1

GRADINO SULLA SCALA.

UNCERTAIN/ FORECAST/OPINION FOR THE FUTURE WILL

3)

I think I’ll fly to Paris

If they call off the strike (sciopero), I’ll fly to Paris

More people will fly to Paris next year

Think, hope, suppose, maybe, perhaps, if clauses (that have a condition, it means that’s not

sure), always weather forecast (except forecast based on facts* that are more sure)

CON ACTION VERBS, NOT FEEELING AND PERCEPTION VERBS (LOVE, LIKE, SEE…)  even

if smt is planned, with those verbs I must use WILL form.

PROMISE AND OFFER doing smt

4)

WILL

Don’t worry, I’ll come to your home and help you 4

SNAP DECISION

5)

WILL

Decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla

What do you prefear? Mmmm I’ll fly.

! oggi 90% degli americani usa to be going to nel parlato, anche se la situazione non lo permette.

MA è impossibile con 4 5.

HOW TO SWITCH FOR A FUTURE TO ANOTHER:What are you doing tonight?

Pag9 n. 8 pag 17 n.6

Leggo, dico quale mi piace e spiego almeno 3 attività pag . 9 n. 8b

-ING FORM:

CONTINUOS FORM

 ADJECTIVES (boring, interesting…)

 Used like a noun

 Smoking is bad for your health

Watching television

After LIKE, LOVE, HATE,

 After expression with PREPOSITION (ON,OF…)

 I’m tired OF teaching you

I’m keen on reading

Instead of RELATIVES CLAUSES

 The people thath are listening to me = the people listening to me

DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS

I’m giving a pen to you  DOUBLE OBJ + INDIRECT OBJECT

I’m giving you a pen  DOUBLE OBJECT + DOUBLE OBJECT

SUGGEST

!  NON è UN DOUBLE OBJECT!!! 5

QUESTION:

(question expression) + auxiliary/modal +