Appunti di statistica

Statistica!

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` a_9WQ'HC>EBP YX,$ \ ,$ -3+--+1$ \-46243+-/3+2+3#+ &'IBEIOK ,424,8 Z9 == =1$ $0-43$ ,$ 1$5+#83$14-436$0+-$1$ 0/643$ 2+3#+8554389 9Q'HC>EBP X 58-$ 4,+6$ -$7#$HE(&LKBK 147#$ Y1$0/6438 % W`=b`A A5+#834Z \ ,4..8= = = 99238<4,,$80$X ,-/1$81$ $01$5$1/+-4;/+#$-+-$54 6+3.?4 ,808-$-8#8 ,4Yc ===9 99+--3$@/-$ 1$,-$07/808-+#$4,234,,$80$ ,$5+#83$-3+6$-4 $0543@+#$ Z8 4,$,-+'LHEIC[E>E ,4.801+'LHEIC[E>E .?4I'I 8 6408 /04 +9#87$.8 1$831$04 ,/..4,,$804 681+#$-U14##4 5+3$4.?$+38 1$ 2$T147#$.8#834 2$T'LHEIC[E>K 1+#8..?$K, ,./38= 0+:$80+#$-U34#$7$804 'LHEIC[E>K >'FE&CQKIBKI'I9 d $^e^_K,462$8 )4-+S .+3+--434 f^W_++$$/++3$+0+ K <34;/40:41$ 58#-41$,.34-+ 0/6438%Wg <4086408./$$0 /0aWb * 543$<$.+-8,$ =>+ .#+,,$<$.+:$804 681+#$-U/0$-U 1$,-+-$,-$.?4 #414##4 ,4.8018 /089.+3+--43$ 1U2$T (BCBE(BE&GKBC[K>>K+##4#/8788 S9 =-+@4##4 4,,4 4,,434 S28,,808,-+-$,-$.?4 ,462#$.$ .80,$143+ ,8#8 .+3+--434,$ /0,4 99 .80,$143+08 .+3+--43$,$ 2$T6/#-$2#4 1/4 8,4 =95+3$+@$#4 5+3$+@$#4 X/0+ ,-+-$,-$.+ h= Y 14<$0$-+$01$.+-+ *, $0 i740434 .80= 99),-+-$,-$.+ $0,$464 1$14$ 5+#83$1+## j$ NOCIBEBCBEh'&CLCBBKLK/0<34;/40:4 +,,8.$+-44,,$?$1+##4 +14 = <836+-8+:$4014YX.80,$143+(4 ,$ I 1$.8##4--$58 ,-+-$,-$.8 73/228/0/0 +114--$ Y147#$ 8--40$+68<34;/40:41+##4 X681+#$-U 1+##4j$ 0/64380$4 S91$681+#$-U <34;/40:4 ,i +,,8#/-4.+3+--434 K ?$ Ik$ cW?j 9 9jl ? l) )c cm9j ?$8 E'Variabili statistiche<34;/40:+ 23823$4-U/0$-U14##4 781808 .43-+.?4 1$0/6438 855438/0+statistiche 9./$X C=Y 543$<$.+1$$# $0n= 4540-8+,,8#/-+ ,$58#-40/6438 /0<34;/40:+ Y34#+-$5+ LX n= n= CLn= k == = 870$ /0$-U ,-+-$,-$.+1$<34;/40:4 +,,8#/-414##4,866+>+ *<34;/40:4 2+3$34#+-$54 W14##4 +1,866+ =<34;/40:+ oY n8-8X Ln=243.40-/+#4 `W``n= c = =>+ 2+3$<34;/40:4 *243.40-/+#$,866+ 14##4 W``+ =<34;/40:+ 5+3$+@$#4 3$,24--$5++,,8.$+ 14##+ #+.#+,,45+#834870$+1 8 14##+,866+14$ 5+#83$ 234.4140-$&K& <34;/40:4<34;/40:+Y #4./6/#+-+ .80= 9 =2+3-$.8#+34 +53U,$$0 S XnLKNOKIMC#+ C(('>OBC &OQO>CBC &=YC=n=p YX&OQO>CBC#+ nLKNOKIMC n=LK>CBEhC L=&=p X b`#+ YRKL&KIBOC>K &OQO>CBCnLKNOKIMC n= &p c n n &=K, C=n= &C ncn=n= L &L1$ = =IOQKL' = === = ==c 4-U RKL('IK l] l]r^!]`k`9l] q^ ^c `9l], , qq la %bB) %bg!]`k`9la )g W_ ,,8) q)r 9 a_^W_ Wa`9a__ _!]`k`9Wa q4cWl`C 4) +rr ^gW] q) `9^g%& s%!]`k`9W]Wa cW rg l% cW ,r bgl` )`9bga!]`k`9l&8#W^ _ r#]`r rc%Wg ]` 14##4,866+aWb KIn= C=K, = t$S0/6438 0/6438 EnCY oon= L n= L=&=n=C= n=n= &&+@$-+:$80$,-+0:4 = === _]9b` ^W9%gab^a^ `9^W`9_]b` bl_ll] ]abW^ lg9_l`9lg_l W``9``% W9``Wlb%]blb%]b W``9``W9``I4# $> > 5#YC ,866+nc ,866+14##4,866+L W``= n=In=CKunL=14##4nb8=E<c<vc7k=c = lg^<-`9`lql9llcl9llqW`9`lll lg^^ `9`l\ll9l \ $,=o++=,4Su +$w = xU8 x= q =9= xw== >>bl_llq`9_]k`9^Wq_]9b`c^^W9%gqWlb%]bab^a& `9_]b` ab^a^_]9b` \k !! W9`` W```9lg lg9_lr \d%cb%fcbk`9lg_l ]abW^lg9_l Wlb%]b\- -#+ #838 #838#+ *,866+,866+ .$3.+* W``W.$3.+ 5+3$+@$#$I4##) ,-+-$,-$.?4 28,,$+68+6@$-8$0-435+##$ 14##4 &'IBEIOK-$28#87$41$,-$07/434 ,47/40-$ 1$ $0-435+##$#4 S<836+.?$/,$ 14##+.?$/,$,$0$,-3+ 14,-3+ 855438+ SA 4 + 9Ej$=$0S! K(BLKQE$=i W9l .80cc 0c ==9 = = &'QRLK(E = "l`W cWl_ .86234,$$#,$+K, $# l_.?4 ,808l`\c c= <836++243-$ +243-$ 14,-3+,$0$,-3+ 04##+p 855438 S+ +4 9j$ K(&>O(Ej$+0 K(BLKQE.80c =+243-$ <836+,$0$,-3+ 04##+14,-3+.?$/,$+p + S4 9#y$=08!c 14,-3+$# 5+#834j$ +ccc &'QRLK('* =+243-$ <836+04##+,$0$,-3+.?$/,$ 14,-3+ S4 +p + 9(8#4$# ,$0$,-3+5+#834j$$ +j$+0c c c &'QRLK('* =_= HE(&LKBCh= &'IBEIOCh= , =.#+,,$ 1$28,-$ #4--8 243.40-/+#40/6438 3411$-8.#$0$.?4 .#$0$.?4 <+6$7#$41$04##4 E-+#$+$0l] <$08<$08 l_ WW9W_``+ +W_gla c_` la9`_`W W```cc cc=^_ b`_W Wb9bW``` cW_``c cc c c^a WlW`` ]l9`W_``c cc cl```c cW`WcWl_W`W ^9`l``` cl_``cc c cl] WW9WcW_`Wla ]```l_``cc c c c_ l9^l``W_W ]``` c]_``c cc cc%WlIK IK W``X 681+#$-UY 14##41+##),-+-$,-$.+ 14<$0$-+/0+ 6/-+@$#46/-+@$#4 $0,$464*#+ 6,X,-+-$,-$.+ nLKNOKIMKY +1&CLCBBKLK NOC>EBCBEh' 14##4 +,,8.$+-41$6, /0 4,,44 =K $01$5$1/+-4 -3+6$-4681+#$-U4,234,,$80$ 543@+#$ +--3$@/-$8 =6/-+@$#$ O0+ X,-+-$,-$.?4 6/-+@$#4 Y ?+,$34--$#$04+ 681+#$-U,-+-$,-$.+ #4;/+018$0,3 $0$:$+#4,/..4,,$804<0,3 1$ 681+#$-U831$04+664--808 0+-/3+#4Y .80 /0+LKBBE>EIKK /0<$0+#4 1$ 1$3441 24364--4 /0+r/0+ FLCHOC>EBP 'LHEIK/0 =9FLCH' 1$ 2828#+:$804K( $,-3/:$804= .$4#8 7$830$,-+-8 14#l_%^+0+#<+@4-+ ^W,43408W]l%`#$.40:+ 4#4640-$ 5+3$+@$#4 W^b#$.40:+ lW_ga641$+ .8243-8 WW_1$2#86+ ^W_W ]a_I r#+/34+ gg]I %_%`^ceb%]a X6/-+@$#$ 6/-+@$#4 .$.#$.+ Y/0+ ,-+-$,-$.+ Q,. F$830$ EI&EHKIBESz =$8{SESSSSSSSSSSSSSS$+SdS.t (KBBEQCICtStSzS.= = F$8541J g_W`l6/-+@$#$ /0+ X Y,-+-$,-$.+ ?+6/-+@$#4 ,$/3,,,.8004,,+ 540431$ :8888,-+-$,-$.?4 681+#$-U 831$04#4;/+018 234,40-+08080 /0 ,+@+-8 E,$, 9,/..4,,$804X 1$0+-/3+#4Y,.8004,,4 Q_, 18640$.+ -88#StSt+--$5$-U 8../2+-$Tabelle * .8#8004.8,-$-/$-+,462#$.4 40-3+-+ 1+-+@4##+ 1/4/0+,462#$.4 + S+ statisticheQ'HC>EBP5+3$4#4 14#NOCIBEBCBEhK#+ NOC>EBCBEhK23$6+ 3$283-+W40-3+-+ '.+3+--434 Z 3$283-+ #4#+ ,4.801+ nLKNOKIMKl =,/..4,,$804O0+ 1+-$ 831$0+-$1$ #4 1$681+#$-U NOC>EBCBEhK(KLEK ,4.8018 /03$#45+:$80$1$,2804,-+-$,-$.+ ,$<4086408 $0 1$,43$4 ,/##414--+(BCBE(BE&C ;/+0-8* 9,-+-$,-$.?4,$078#4 $,8#+640-8 .80,$143+-4/0$-U ZO0+ NOCIBEBCBEhK,/..4,,$804 #4831$0+-$ 681+#$-U1+-$ ,4.80181$(KLECME'IK ,43$ ,-+-$,-$.+<4086408 +:$80414--+1$ $0 #4;/+0-8*,-+-$,-$.+ /0 9$0<836+:$80$ $0 04##4 681+#$-U837+0$::+-4 -+@4##4 ;/+#$ +##4,808 3$,24--$545+3$+@$#4 .833$,280180814##+ <34;/40:4#4 =FLCH' .#+,,$ 0/64381$C|IIE .86/0$,./8#4 ,/243<$.$4<$08 W^%WW+d W_^^aba cWl l`aW6+-430+ Wc c cW% l`b]lc c+00$1+08+/1$-$54 A640-83$ ZZZZ EfS+=.80-$0/4 cWl_641$4 $8 c c} ,-3+:$+0-4(KLEK(BCBE(BE&C &'IBEIOC1822$+ /0+ * .+3+--43$::+-+ .?41822$+ 1+#-+@4##+ 40-3+-+ <+--8+ +/0$-U .#+,,$<$.+-4,-+-$,-$.?440-3+-+ #4 5407808 .80-46283+04+640-4.+3+--43$3$,24--8 1/4+ =2+3-$.8#+346/-+@$#4 $0 S X 2828#+:$804,-+-$,-$.+ .+3+--43$ ;/+#$-+-$5$40-3+6@$ $-+#$+0+#+$ 1/4 ,808,4c $# ,-+-$,-$.+1822$+ 6/-+@$#41$Y.$5$#4,4.8018 ,$#8 2+3#+,-+-8,4,,8 4 9 1822$+ 95+3$+@$#4 2828#+:$804X.+3+--43$ ;/+0-$-+-$5$ #+$ 1/4,-+-$,-$.+ 40-3+6@$,4 ,808c 5+3$+@$#41$Y ,-+-$,-$.+$-+#$+0+ 2+3#+,$,4.8018 4 ,-+-/3+1822$+ 24,8 9 1822$+ ZX;/+0-$-+-$58 Y1$,-3$@/:$804 *14$ .+3+--43$ #)4-U1/4 +#-38,4 /08 4c6$,-8 1$,-3$@/:$804,$ 1$;/+#$-+-$58 Y.$5$#4 2+3#+,-+-8 6$,-+X =9 CLCEBKLEWhCLEC[E>K,-+-$,-$.+ &'QR'IKIBE nCQEF>EK 681+#$-U0/64381822$+ ;/+0-$-+-$545+0$ aW l _%]X ;/+0-$-+-$5$Y rl .+3+--434c A A<+6$7#$4_ .8628040-$EWWW `WW`t/0<6oK^E0=/+ `W l 8^gl' E' l]%_QOBC[E>K(BCBE(BE&C (K(('H'RREC {.+3+--43$ 681+#$-U<466$046+,.?$YX ,4--834;/+#$-+-$54l So =,4,,8%a``` %%```+#-38>681+#$-U 04,,/0 W^_```;/+#$-+-$54 llb``,4--834.+3+--434 .+3+--43$A,4--834A 9&'IHEME'IKHE(BLE[OME'IK RL'nK((E'IC>K1$.#+,,4 681+#$-UQE(BC 4-U 1$,8../2+-$8../2+-$ ;/+#$-+-$54X 1+5+0-$-+-$5+ .+3+--434Y;/+#$-+-$5+W .801$:$804Alll]lWcWbW_ cc A681+#$-U 238<4,,$80+#4;/+0-$-+-$54 a_`%`^4 cl%l` cc.+3+--434.#+,,4 ^g`1$A _``clbl_ c cA4-U %lW]% l`]]` ccc W]_^`]_ %%cccle fasi dell’indaginestatistica /0)<4086408>8 ,-+-$,-$.864-8181$ EIHCFEIK,-/1$8 .80 855438/0 9+3-$.8#+342/V % <+,$,-+-$,-$.+ ,$ $0 S9LE>KhCME'IKc`W<+,4 $0,$464 8243+:$80$ ;/+#$ 2435$404,$#41$0 .80S 14$ 3$#45+:$804#+ *1+-$ &'QR>KBC+##+ .808,.40:+ Z-/--$ 7#$ 1$,$ 8774--84#4640-$4,+6$0+08,4 #$6$-+2+3:$+#4 ,$$054.4 .$,-/1$8 * ,4 +Z 9 9 $0,$46414##),-/1$+34 ,8--8$0,$464 .+62$804\ Z/0K>C['LCME'IKc`l<+,4 8243+:$80$$0,$464 1$ #4 1+-$;/+#$+--3+543,80 $X3$#45+-$ 14--$ 'LEFEIC>E YFLKMME 5407808'.#+,,$<$.+-$ ,$0-4-$::+-$ 8--404018 HKLEhCBE1+-$$4 Z94,28,$:$804c`]<+,4 <836+,-+-$,-$.$RLK(KIBCME'IK $01+-$14$0 73+<$.$ 641$4.?$+3+ .862+--+ -+@4#