Appunti di grammatica inglese, phrasal verbs, writing an essay etc.

APART

• DRIFT → allontanarsi da qlcn
• FALL → cadere a pezzi

AROUND

• HANG → frequentare qualcuno
• KICK → prendere a calci
• SHOP → cercare bene, fare il giro dei negozi

AWAY

• STAY → stare, restare lontano
• CLEAR → sbaraccare
• THROW → buttare via

BACK

• PAY → rimborsare
• PLAY → riascoltare, riguardare
• SIT → distendersi
• TALK → rispondere, ribattere
• WRITE → rispondere per iscritto

BY

• DROP → fare una breve visita
• SWEAR → avere piena fiducia

DOWN

• BEND → chinarsi
• CALM → calmarsi
• COOL → raffreddarsi
• FORCE → mandare giù, ingoiare
• KNOCK → abbattere
• LIE → sdraiarsi
• NOTE → annotare
• SIT → sedersi
• SLOW → rallentare
• TOUCH → atterrare
• WIPE → pulire

IN

• CHECK -> registrarsi
• DROP -> fare un salto da qlen
• LOG -> accedere
• HAND -> consegnare
• KICK -> spedire a calci

COME ABOUT -> capitare, avvenire

COME ACROSS -> insultare chiaro, trovare qlcs per caso

COME APART -> sfascarsi

COME AWAY -> venire via da, lasciare

COME BACK -> tornare, rientrare

COME BACK TO -> tornare, ritornare a (argomento)

COME BY -> passare (a trovare qualcuno)

COME DOWN -> venire giù, scendere

COME IN -> entrare

COME OUT -> venire fuori, uscire

COME UP -> saltare fuori

COME ALONG -> to go somewhere with someone

COME ON -> to hurry or try harder

COME OFF -> when smth becomes separated or unstuck from another thing

COME OVER -> andare a casa di qualcuno

COME THROUGH -> produrre o portare dei risultati

COME UP WITH -> creare o inventare qualcosa

COME DOWN WITH -> be ill

COME AGAINST

COME INTO

COME ROUND

COME WITH

PUT

• AWAY -> mettere via, mettere da parte
• OFF -> invitare, mandare
• ON -> mettersi, indossare
• UP WITH -> tollerare
• UP -> to erect
• ACROSS -> comunicare qualcosa
• OUT -> pubblicare
• BACK -> rimettere qualcosa al proprio posto
• DOWN -> scrivere qualcosa
• FORTH/FORWARD -> to offer an idea, plan
• THROUGH -> transfer, connect sbd on the phone
• SOMEBODY UP -> give sbd a place to stay at your house

PULL

• APART -> fare a pezzi
• DOWN -> buttare giù, demolire
• OUT -> ritrarsi
• THROUGH -> cavarsela, farcela
• UP -> lift upwards, vertically
• OVER -> come to a stop and turn off the road
• ON -> put on clothes
• OFF -> remove by pulling
• IN -> pull something so that comes inside
• AWAY -> move ahead
• TOGETHER -> work as a team
• BACK -> restore a team position by scoring a goal
• FOR -> support teams

BRING

• BRING ABOUT = fare in modo che accada qualcosa
• BRING ALONG = portarsi dietro
• BRING AROUND = for cambiare idea a qualcuno convincere
• BRING AWAY = truppare, guadagnare da un’esperienza
• BRING DOWN = fare qualcuno infelice to reduce/to kill/ to lose power
• BRING OFF = avere successo in qualcosa di difficile
• BRING ON = causare qualcosa
• BRING OUT = far risaltare, evidenziare
• BRING OVER = portare qualcosa a casa di qualcuno
• BRING TO = far rinvenire
• BRING UP = accennare, far crescere un figlio vomitare
• BRING OFF = ignorare qualcuno
• BRING IN = to earn as a profit or income
• BRING SOMETHING ON = to cause smith to happen
• BRING ROUND =

End matter

Phrasal Verbs

Un phrasal verb è una forma verbale composta da due o tre parole seguita da una preposizione o un avverbio, che dà al verbo originale un significato diverso. I phrasal verbs che seguono — scelti tra i più comuni della lingua inglese — sono stati raggruppati per preposizioni e avverbi, in quanto sono essi ad indicare l'area di significato della forma verbale. Ricorda che i madrelingua inglesi preferiscono utilizzare i phrasal verbs nella lingua parlata e riservano l'uso dei verbi di derivazione latina (es.: investigate invece di look into) a conversazioni e a scritti più formali.

ABOUT

• bring about — provocare, causare qcs.
• come about — capitare, avvenire
• set about — cominciare a fare

ACROSS

• come across — risultare chiaro
• get sth across — far arrivare, trasmettere
• run across sth/sb — imbattersi in qcs/qcn

APART

• come apart — sfascicarsi
• drift apart — allontanarsi da qcn
• fall apart — cadere a pezzi
• pull apart — fare a pezzi
• take apart — smontare
• tear apart — distruggere

AROUND

• fool around — fare lo stupido
• get around — finire per fare qcs
• go round — andare in giro
• hang around — frequentare qcn
• kick around — prendere a calci
• look around — guardarsi intorno
• shop around — cercare bene, fare il giro dei negozi

AWAY

• clear away — sparecchiare
• come away — venire via da, lasciare
• get away — andarsene, fuggire
• give away — dare via, regalare
• go away — andarsene, partire
• put away — mettere via, mettere da parte
• run away — scappare
• stay away — stare, restare lontano
• throw away — buttare via.

BACK

• bounce back — rimettersi (in forze)
• call back — richiamare, ritelefonare
• come back — tornare, rientrare
• come back to — tornare, ritornare a (argomento, problema)
• get back — tornare, ritornare
• give back — restituire
• go back — tornare indietro
• pay back — rimborsare
• play back — riascoltare, riguardare (un video)
• sit back — distendersi
• take back — riportare
• talk back — rispondere, ribattere
• turn back — tornare sui propri passi
• write back — rispondere per iscritto

BY

• come by — passare (a trovare qcn)
• drop by — fare una breve visita
• stand by — essere pronto a intervenire, sostenere qcn

Test 1 Exam practice

Reading and Use of English Part 2

Action plan

1. Look at the title and the example.
2. Without trying to fill in any answers, quickly read the text to see what it's about.
3. For each gap, look at the context and decide what kind of word (e.g. relative pronoun) is needed.
4. Study the words either side of the gap for more clues.
5. Think of words that might fit and try each one.
6. When you have filled in all the gaps, read your text to check it makes sense.

1 Quickly read the text. Which paragraph is about attitudes to chewing gum? Which is about the history of chewing gum?

2 Follow the exam instructions, using the advice to help you.

For questions 9–16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 TO

Chewing gum

We still tend (0) .................. think chewing gum is a fairly recent invention, even (9) .................. there is evidence it was used 5,000 years ago in Finland. The Ancient Greeks also chewed gum, as (10) .................. the Aztecs in Mexico during the sixteenth century. As far as we know, however, it wasn’t (11) .................. 1869 that chewing gum became popular in its present form, (12) .................. a New York inventor called Thomas Adams first had the idea of adding flavour to it.

Nowadays, of course, it is chewed around the world, (13) .................. the fact that it continues to be regarded by some (14) .................. an unpleasant habit. Unfortunately, far too many people drop used gum onto the pavement, (15) .................. it remains for some time because it is extremely difficult to remove once it has stuck to the surface. On the other hand, those (16) .................. favour of chewing gum claim it helps them relax, improves their concentration, and helps keep their teeth clean.

• 9 You need a word that completes a contrast link.
• 10 Find a way to avoid repeating the verb.
• 11 Think of a suitable time link.
• 12 Which relative pronoun is used for time?
• 13 Think of a word that completes a contrast link.
• 14 Which preposition often follows 'regarded'?
• 15 Which relative pronoun is used for a place?
• 16 Think of a preposition that goes with 'favour of'.

Tip! Gaps may have more than one possible answer, but you must only write one.

Tip! If you can’t answer a particular question, go on to the others and come back to it later when you have completed more of the text.

Tip! Never write contracted forms like she’s or wouldn’t as they count as two words.

16 | Test 1 Exam practice