Inglese economico - appunti

apprentices → application

look for guidance

seek

breakthrough

worth noting

slightly

above all

therefore

ahead

evidente

noticeable

fairly

even

purpose

exceptions

remotely

glossary

• Economics
• Economy
• Economic ≠ Economical
• Policy
• Politics
• Business
• Corporate
• Enterprise
• Entrepreneur
• Industry
• Recruiting
• Fire
• Lay → made redundant
• Staff
• Employer
• Owner
• Issue
• Topic
• Matter
• Skills
• Competence
• Performance
• Qualification
• Leader
• Management / Manager
• Collective bargaining
• Training
• Invest - Interest
• Buyer - buy
• Seller - sell
• Tax
• Income
• Bottom line
• Target
• Stakeholder / Shareholder

do

make

get

take

glossary

• Economics
• Economy

Economic ≠ Economical

• Policy
• Politics

• Business

• Buyer - buy
• Seller - sell
• Corporate
• Enterprise
• Entrepreneur
• Industry
• Recruiting
• Hire
• Fire
• Lay → made redundant
• Staff
• Employer
• Owner
• Issue
• Topic
• Matter
• Skills
• Competence
• Performance
• Qualification
• Tax
• Income
• Bottom line
• Target
• Leader
• Management / Manager
• Collective bargaining
• Training
• Invest - Interest
• Stakeholder / Shareholder

Stock market

Networking

• Def: connect people
• diff. places
• modern technology

Bus. def: contact → opportunities

• expand (with strategies)
• share information

Inspiration

Outside of our workspace (discover something)

and not a connection (too much in common) → company same mission (no discover anything)

Possessed from network in our fields

we can discover something (with network) in different fields (different from our work-world)

• Revolutionary
• Due to breakthrough innovation for our communities

Rapid environment → something that change quickly

• share ideas with 4 pillars of innovation economy:
• business create money
• non-profit no income
• academia big studies
• government help by government (laws/taxes/bureaucracy)

Small new business

def: born nowadays

based on

• internet
• green economy (economically friendly)
• ecology (communities involved)

chr:

1. profitable
• view in future (10 years)
• plan it
2. work also in uncertain times
• phd/university degree
• traineeship/trade school/prior experience
• passion/love
3. home-based
• flexibility
• no more costs → more income
• no stress/pressures

not for a wealthy life

• rewarding (wellness)
• generate healthy income

Business model Canvas

def: ideal pannels where we can create out business

chart for creating new small business documenting business existing strategic management

ch: 9 blocks → make business effective

each: aspect of business

1. Customer segments
2. Value proposition
3. Channel
4. Customer relationship
5. Revenue streams supposition - suppose
6. Key resources
7. Key activities
8. Key partners
9. Cost structure

Gig Economy

def temporary jobjob characterised by short-term contractslittle jobs

flexibility

• AD: 2 things together, juggle priorities/manage life
• DISAD: no insurance & exploitation
  • protection
  • unfair dismissal
  • no redundancy payment
  • no minimum wage
  • no paid holidays
  • no sickness pay

employer = pay when work is available.

employee = not employee but independent contractors

no many differences/differ slightly from zero-hours contractors → holiday pay

Sharing Economic

def: activities of

• acquiring
• providing
• sharing

goods

services

facilitated by a community

based on an online platform

no law/regulation

Green Economy

reading part

def: sustainable economy & societyzero carbon emissionsuse of renewable resources (natural replenished)

triple bottom line 3 people → microeconomic level planet → macroeconomic levelprofit

chr:

1. energy infrastructure 0 carbon emission renewable resources
2. water (wastewater) / waste based on long term sustainability
3. preservation → world's ecosystems protection → biological diversity
4. sustainable /successful adaption to climate change

Ethical Business

the highest: intellectual contemplation

How to achieve happiness?

• Pleasure no too much similar to the animals
• Honor no too much linked to the others and not to me.
• Virtue! Yes

Stands between ← making right decision

Excess <-- habit choice --> defect

develop important in business

Ethics → regulation

Corporate Social Responsibility

Look to the community & environment

• 4 principles
  • economice
  • ethical
  • legal
  • discretionale

We can trust it fair treatment sustainability fair trade

Working Environment

1. manage time for:

• For work
• For caring for family
• For free time

to avoid time pressure

lack of free time is according to the modern style life experienced by women

in the past

• women → domestic duties
• men → paid work

nowadays large redistribution of paid work between the sexes

2. information technology changes the ideas of work

allow to be mobile

to work remotely with colleagues to get work done both inside outside traditional office

it has saved money, increased work flexibility, workers' productivity

3. How helps employees concentrate?

hybrid workplace → mix of enclosed and open work spaces

(*stay ahead)

Hierarchy of Need Theory

people motivated by multiple needs (hierarchical order)

SELF ACTUALIZATION: self-fulfillment

DRAW and challenging tasks / advancement

ESTEEM: high status in a job

desire for a good image of myself

BELONGINGNESS: be part of a group → co-workers

desire to be accepted

SAFETY: safe jobs – extra benefits

SAFETY/SECURITY physically & emotionally

PHYSIOLOGICAL: basic salary

basic human physical needs

lower order needs take priority

* must be satisfied before high order needs

Working environment: * it will be in continuous changing * new ways of working*

Management

We need to manage well a business ↳ we need to be productive efficient

diffusion ➔ globalisation take to compete international many overseas competitors

It's important to realise and adopt the principles to their own individual situation & culture & time as they change.

all the areas of business need to be effective (costs/quality) high exchange rates can damage competitiveness

adaptation of great production techniques make the best use of resources produce the best products

operation management or production process ➔ linked to management of people purpose of increasing motivation ➔ productivity

manage people ➔ theory x direction & controlauthoritative system exercise of authority (exploitative management)theory y integration of individuals ➔ satisfy their motivational needs organisational goals➔ achieve their own goals & whilst meeting they achieve

manage conflict ➔ happen frequently when people are separated by space & time & cultural differences

Too strong conflict can be destructive because they interfere with the exchange of ideas

moderate amount of conflict (managed appropriately) could have highest level on the results.

dealing with conflict

• accommodating style cooperativeness maintaining harmony
• competing style assertiveness during an emergency
• avoiding style issue is not important neither assertiveness nor cooperativeness

Marketing

def. Marketing is the process of interesting people to services/products.

It involves researching, promoting, selling, distributing

Everything to get your customers to sell products. Improve sells volume.

On the book

The importance of age over 000 other segmentation criteria.

Every product/service is not aimed at a group of target consumers with particular characteristics.

• In any time of our routine life we change needs/products.

Targeting physiological (mental) via age → biological (actual)

Allows for more precise marketing (advertising) because it drives to consumer behaviour.

"A car for every purse and every purpose."

Innovation

Managers' job → pressure to stimulate innovation or being innovative in creating new product/services.

Innovation

• Creativity: Ability to combine ideas in a new way, and people turn it into products or services.
• New way of delivering services...
• Stimulating innovation:
  • We can stimulate innovation if we have tight inputs and fast transformation of them in outputs.
• Culture of innovation:
  • Culture that encourages experimentation, tolerates risks, and accepts that some failures are inevitable.
  • Some time we have also to tolerate impractical people.
  • Open system focus and positive feedback for employees' creativity.
• 4th policies for innovation: Innovative organisation promotes the training and the development of their members.
  • Overcome the fear of making mistakes.
• Suitable for innovation:
  • Horizontal communication.
  • People can contribute with ideas also outside their roles.
• Abundant resources.

ENGLISH 1 ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT

PHRASAL VERBS 2018/19

• TO BACK UP to support
• TO CHIP IN, TO PITCH IN to help, to cooperate
• TO CALL BACK to call again
• TO CALL OFF to cancel
• TO PUT OFF to postpone
• TO CHECK IN WITH to ensure things are OK
• TO CHECK OUT to look at carefully, to investigate
• TO LOOK OVER to check
• TO HAND IN to submit a paper
• TO HAND OUT to distribute to a group
• TO THINK OVER to consider
• TO SET UP to arrange, organize
• TO RELY ON to count on
• TO CUT IN to interrupt
• TO DROP BY to visit without appointment
• TO END UP to decide eventually
• TO FIGURE OUT to understand
• TO SORT OUT to solve a problem
• TO GET IN to enter, arrive