Green Chemistry and Engineering - Appunti, esercizi e domande per l'esame

Il documento contiene appunti dettagliati sul corso Green Chemistry and Engineering, comprendendo nozioni sui 12 principi della Green Chemistry, tra cui spiegazioni delle Green Metrics, Atom Economy, design di processi innovativi e green, idee per sostituire i solventi nei processi chimici, modi per limitare lo spreco di energia, uso della biomassa come fonte di energia e composti chimici, uso di catalizzatori innovativi, degradazione dei prodotti industriali e i quattro pilastri dell'Inherently Safer Chemistry.
Sono presenti anche numerosi esercizi svolti ed esempi simili agli esercizi di esame e una lista di 45 possibili domande d'esame.

Esame Green chemistry and engineering

Facoltà Ingegneria

Dal corso del Prof. Lorenzetti Alessandra

Università Università degli Studi di Padova

Publisher DavideZanchettin

A.A. 2024-2025

109 pagine

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Estratto del documento

GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainable development is the balance among 3 objectives 1. The needs of society (social objective) 2. Efficient use of scarce resources (economic objective) 3. Need to reduce burden to eco-system to maintain the natural bases for life (environmental objective) The Ecological Footprint has emerged as the world’s premier measure of humanity’s demand on nature. It measures how much land and water area a human population requires to produce the resource it consumes and to absorb its wastes, using prevailing technology. The Natural Step, an international movement started in Sweden (1989), developed four system condition for sustainability: 1. Materials from Earth’s crust (e.g. heavy metals) must not systematically increase in nature 2. Persistent substances produced by society (e.g. DDT, CFCs) must not systematically increase 3. The physical basis of Earth’s productive natural cycles must not be systematically deteriorated 4. There must be fair and efficient use of resources with respect to meeting human needs Chemistry has to contribute to three levels of sustainable development: 1. Provision of products that establish and ensure social and economic wealth 2. Conservation of resources by development of: ● More effective chemical processes ● Renewable energy sources ● Chemical products that enhance significantly the effectiveness of production processes and products in other area ● Products that allow the consumer to use resources more effectively ● A product design that fits into a recycling concept ● Products that base on renewable resources 3. Management of resources, substances and materials in a safe and environmentally benign manner GREEN CHEMISTRY “To promote innovative chemical technologies that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and use of chemical products” Sustainable chemistry deals with: ● Minimize waste, energy and resources use ● Use catalyst instead of stoichiometric reagents ● Use non-toxic reagents and intermediates ● Use renewable resources ● Recycle of products and materials ● Improvement of atom efficiency and E factor ● Use of system without solvents or with recyclable environmentally benign solvents (green solvents) TWELVE PRINCIPLE of GREEN CHEMISTRY 1. Prevention It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created. 2. Atom Economy Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. 3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4. Designing Safer Chemicals Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while

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