Concetti Chiave
- The end of the 19th century saw the decline of Victorian values, with World War I leaving society cynical and creating a sense of rootlessness as the British Empire transitioned to the Commonwealth.
- Freud introduced the idea that irrational forces could drive human actions, significantly affecting family dynamics and relationships, and influencing modern writers with concepts like dream analysis and free association.
- Jung expanded on Freud's ideas with the concept of the "Collective unconscious," suggesting that universal myths and beliefs have a symbolic power that affects people unconsciously.
- Einstein's theory of relativity challenged the notions of time and space, contributing to a crisis of confidence and a rebellion against traditional art forms.
- Bergson distinguished between historical time, which is linear and measurable, and psychological time, which is subjective and emotional, impacting the perception of Western behavior.
End of Victorian Values
At the end of 19th century the Victorian values come to an end and the positivistic faith in science and progress had led people to believe that all human misery would be swept away (spazzati via) and economy was affected by this believe.
The first World World left the country in a cynic mood and there was a contradictory development because the 1920s there were comfortable only for the privileged classes. A lot of soldiers died, some survivors returned home with a frantic (disperata) search of pleasure, other were hunted by a sense of guilty for the horror of war. There was a increasing feeling of rootlessness (pedita delle proprie radici) due to the slow dissolution of Empire into Commonwealth.
Nothing seemed to be right or certain even if religion science offer comfort or security. Scientist destroyed the old Victorian concepts and put the man and the centre of universe.
Freud's Influence on Society
Freud gave the new idea that the man’s action could be motivated by irrational forces, and this concept w disturbed the common think. Freud also put great importance to libido in child that sees the father as a rival for his mother’s affection. In this vision changed all the effect into the sphere of family life , the relationship between parents and child , he put attention on the importance of early development and childhood, the conventional model of relationship between sexes were readjusted .
Freud proposed a new method of investigation of human mind through the analysis of dream. and concept of “free association “ which influenced the modern writers.
Contributions of Jung and Einstein
Jund continued Freud'studies and added the concept of “Collective unconscious” a sort of cultural memory containing universal myths and beliefs.. That meants that common things of everyday world had a great symbolic power and people responded to them unconsciously.
The concept of Relativity introduced by Einstain , caused the growing crisis of confidence (crisi di fiducia dei valori) because he discarded the concept of time and space , so the world lost his solidity and there was complemented by rebellion against a lot of form of art.
the idea of time
Historical and Psychological Time According to Bergson
Bergson made a distinction:
• historical time: external, linear and measured in term of the spatial distance travelled by a pendulum or the hands of a clock.
• psychological time: internal, subjective and measured by the relative emotional intensity of a moment.
in the social sphere increasing knowledge tended to shake faith essential rightness of western ways of behavior.
What is the decline of Christian morality and modern literature?
for Freud man was a part of nature, a biological and psychological phenomenon. Under the influence of the idea of Nietzsche that substituted Christian morality with a belief in human power and perfectibility, the Christian notions of man that can be save by God’s graces. lost it former strength.
very people so turned to esoteric beliefs. The English philosophy became analytic, focusing on the study of language: rectify (rettificare) the knowledge possessed.
Centrality of literature as a guide to the perplexities of an age whose keywords were isolation, alienation.
through elaborate structure, allusion, literary references, images and myths, the modern writer expressed the impossibility of mastering (padroneggiare) the chaotic universe.
Domande da interrogazione
- How did the end of Victorian values impact society in the early 20th century?
The end of Victorian values marked a shift from a belief in science and progress to a more cynical outlook post-World War I. The war left many feeling rootless and disillusioned, with the privileged classes experiencing comfort while others grappled with guilt and a frantic search for pleasure.
Accedi a tutti gli appunti
Tutor AI: studia meglio e in meno tempo
