Concetti Chiave
- "Hamlet" is a tragic play set in Denmark during the Middle Ages, revolving around themes of revenge, betrayal, and madness.
- The story begins with the death of the king and the controversial marriage of Queen Gertrude to her brother-in-law, Claudius.
- The ghost of Hamlet's father reveals that Claudius poisoned him, prompting Hamlet to seek revenge while grappling with his own sanity.
- Key plot developments include Hamlet's feigned madness, Ophelia's tragic fate, and the climactic duel resulting in multiple deaths, including Hamlet and Claudius.
- The play's rich literary and historical context is highlighted by its connections to art, film, and music, reflecting its enduring cultural impact.
Title: Hamlet
Date: 1601
Genre: Tragedy
Setting:Time: Middle Ages; Place: Denmark
Characters:
* Main Characters: Hamlet, The Queen Gertrude, Claudius, The Ghost, Ofelia
* Minor Characters: Polonius, Horacio, Laerte, The Actors, Rosencratz, Golderstein
Descriptions of Charactere:
* Hamlet is a young man, always dressed with black clothes, he's the Prince of Denmark, he's smart, angry, willing of Revenge; Fakes to be mad; Refuses Ofelia.
* Queen Gertrude is a middle-aged woman with long blonde hair, she's the mother of Hamlet and the Queen of Denmark. she's very frail; Lustful Betrays her first husband and marries his brother, Claudius
* Claudius is a middle-aged man with brown hair and brown eyes, he's the new King of Denmark Lustful; Claudius is very ambitious: he kills his brother and marries his sister in law; Misleads everybody to show that he is not guilty
* The Ghost is very worn-out face and very tired. In the past past King of Denmark Willing of revenge; Described as a good and gentle man and ask Hamlet to revenge his death.
* Ophelia is a young girl; always wearing white dresses, che's the King’s Counsellor’s Daughter. She's so frail and Sweet; She's in love with Hamlet anche she goes mad after Hamlet refuses her and her father dies; Drowns herself
Content:
Act 1: Introduction
The play opens with the funeral of the dead king and the marriage of the Queen Gertrude with the past king’s brother Claudius. Horatio tells Hamlet about the ghost and when Hamlet sees him he notices that it’s his dead father. The ghost tells him that he was poisoned in the ear by Claudius and asks Hamlet to revenge his murder but he must promise to leave the Queen deeds to be punished by God.
Act 2: Development
Polonius tells the King and Queen that he thinks that Hamlet's madness is caused by Ophelia so they decide to set up a meeting between the two but when they meet Hamlet refuses Ophelia. Rosencratz tells Hamlet that some actors are coming to the kingdom to perform a play.
Act 3: Crisis or Turning Point
To prove that Claudius is guilty Hamlet asks the actors to perform a play about a fratricide so that he can see Claudius’s reaction infact during the play Claudius rushes out proving himself guilty. Then Hamlet goes to his mother and accuses her to have betrayed his father. During this scene the Queen screams for help and Hamlet kills the intruder behind the curtain thinking it was Claudius but instead it was Polonius.
Act 4: Complications
Hamlet is sent to England by Claudius to be killed but he escapes and returns to Denmark. Meanwhile Ophelia becomes mad and she drowns herself in the lake. Laerte desperate for his sister’s and father’s death wants revenge and comes back to Denmark.
Act 5: Denouement/Resolving of all difficulties
Claudius organizes a duel between Laerte and Hamlet giving Laerte a poisoned sword. During the duel Claudius offers Hamlet some wine but the Queen understand that it is poisoned and drinks it. Meanwhile Hamlet and Laerte are wounded by the poisoned sword and before dieing Hamlet kills Claudius.
Themes:
Revenge; Hate; Betrayal; Ambition; Family Relationships; Madness
The author’s biography:
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet after his father’s death that devastated him
The literary context:
When Shakespeare wrote Hamlet drama was gradually developing
The historical and social context:
In England there is the monarchy and in Hamlet are nearly all royal
Possible connections:
* Paintings:
Ophelia - John William Waterhouse.;
La Mort d'Ophélie - Delacroix;
Hamlet - Edwin Austin Abbey;
The Play-scene in Hamlet- Daniel Maclise
* Films:
Hamlet- Laurence Olivier;
Hamlet – Grigori Kozintsev;
Hamlet – Tony Richardson;
Un Amleto di Meno – Carmelo bene;
Hamlet Goes Business– Aki Kaurimaki (a modern-day version);
Hamlet – Franco Zeffirelli;
Hamlet – Kenneth Branagh
* Other:
Ophelia-Lieder- Johannes Brahms;
The Three-Minute Hamlet – Adam McNaughton
Domande da interrogazione
- Qual è l'ambientazione temporale e geografica di "Hamlet"?
- Quali sono i temi principali trattati in "Hamlet"?
- Come reagisce Claudio durante la rappresentazione teatrale organizzata da Amleto?
- Qual è il destino di Ofelia nel dramma?
- Come si conclude il duello tra Laerte e Amleto?
"Hamlet" è ambientato nel Medioevo in Danimarca.
I temi principali di "Hamlet" includono vendetta, odio, tradimento, ambizione, relazioni familiari e follia.
Durante la rappresentazione teatrale, Claudio si alza e si allontana, dimostrando la sua colpevolezza.
Ofelia impazzisce e si annega nel lago dopo essere stata rifiutata da Amleto e dopo la morte di suo padre.
Durante il duello, sia Laerte che Amleto vengono feriti dalla spada avvelenata, e prima di morire, Amleto uccide Claudio.
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