Concetti Chiave
- Old English (449-1100) emerged from the fusion of languages spoken by the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons, featuring four dialects and a unique alphabet called "runes".
- Middle English (1100-1500) saw the replacement of the West Saxon dialect with Mercian, stress pattern changes, and vocabulary shifts post-Norman Conquest.
- Modern English is divided into Early Modern English (1500-1700) with pronunciation changes and uniform spelling, and Modern English (1700-present) with language control and new terms from colonies.
- The Old English language was characterized by inflections, noun and adjective cases, and specific sound and spelling patterns.
- Middle English featured a reduction of inflections, simplification of grammatical gender, and the introduction of the article "the".
OLD ENGLISH ( 449-1100) knew also as anglo-saxon
• Derivered from the fusion of the language spoken by the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxon, three Germanic tribes. They invaded Britain in the 5th century
• It was not a compact language but was made up of 4 dialects: north umbrian, mercian, kentish, west saxon.
• The Old English was characterezzed by:
1. inflections
2. case for nouns and adjectives
3. the –an ending for infinitives
4. a particular type of sound and spelling
5. a particular type of alphabet called “runes”
MIDDLE ENGLISH (1100-1500)
It was characterezzed by:
1. west saxon was replaced by the mercian dialect
2. a defferent way of stress
3. reduction of inflection
4. semplification of grammatical gender
5. Plural of nouns and genitive singular –(e)s
6. article the
7. changes into vocabulary after the Norman Conquest
MODERN ENGLISH (1500-to the present)
It is divided into 2 stages:
Early moder english (1500-1700) characterizzed by
• changes in pronuntiation
• final –e
• a more uniformed spelling
• culture brought new words
modern english (1700-to the present) characterezzed by:
• control and organization of the language
• new terms from the far-off colonies, the progress in the sience and the technologies
• the functional shift
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