Concetti Chiave
- The UK Parliament consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, forming an imperfect bicameral system for law-making.
- The House of Commons is composed of 650 elected MPs, with each representing one of the 650 constituencies; the party with the most seats forms the Government.
- The House of Lords includes 800 appointed Peers, divided into life Peers, hereditary Peers, and Spiritual Lords, and plays a less powerful role in legislation.
- The law-making process involves both houses, requiring a bill to be approved by both; the House of Commons can override the Lords after one year, or one month for money bills.
- The final step for a bill to become law is the royal assent, which is the formal approval by the Queen.
Parliament and law-making process in Uk
The United Kingdom Parliament (Westminster) is the legislative branch and it makes laws and there is a imperfect bicameralism.
The House of Commons:
- the 650 members are called MPS and they are elected by people every 5 years
- the country is divided into 650 constituencies and each constituency is represented by one member of parliament in the House of Commons
- who wins most of votes in a constituency becomes MP (majority system)
- the political party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the Government (to have the majority in the Parliament are needed 326 seats)
The main political parties are:
- conservative -> centre-right party
- labour -> centre-left party
The House of Lords:
- the 800 members are called Peers and they are usually appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister
- Temporal Lords are made up of:
1) 676 life Peers appointed for their lifetime and chosen for their knowledge and experience in different fields (medicine, law, business, arts, science, sports, education, armed forces, diplomacy)
2) 91 hereditary Peers who have inherited their title. The majority was chosen by the parties grouping in the Lords
- Spiritual Lords are made up of 24 bishops plus 2 archbishops of Canterbury and York
Lords are different from MPS because:
- they are unelected, but appointed by the Queen
- they don’t receive a salary but only allowances for each sitting day they attend the house
- they have less power in the law-making process
- they can delay a bill but they never debate it and propose amendments
The law-making process:
1) a bill can be introduced by both houses
2) both houses can ask for amendments
3) the bill goes back and forth between the 2 houses for 1 year (parliamentary ping-pong)
4) to become a law, the bill must be approved by both houses
5) in case of no agreement, the House of Commons can vote to pass the law without consent from the House of Lords after 1 year (but only after 1 month in case of money bills)
6) the final step is the royal assent, that is the formal approval by the Queen
Domande da interrogazione
- Qual è il ruolo principale del Parlamento del Regno Unito?
- Come vengono scelti i membri della Camera dei Comuni?
- Qual è il processo per l'approvazione di una legge nel Parlamento del Regno Unito?
Il Parlamento del Regno Unito è il ramo legislativo e ha il compito di fare le leggi, operando con un sistema bicamerale imperfetto.
I membri della Camera dei Comuni, chiamati MPS, sono eletti dal popolo ogni 5 anni attraverso un sistema maggioritario, con il paese diviso in 650 circoscrizioni.
Un disegno di legge può essere introdotto da entrambe le camere, può subire emendamenti e deve essere approvato da entrambe le camere. In caso di disaccordo, la Camera dei Comuni può approvare la legge senza il consenso della Camera dei Lord dopo un anno, con l'ultimo passo che è l'assenso reale della Regina.
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