Concetti Chiave
- Trench warfare led to stalemates, prompting anti-war movements in France, England, and Italy.
- Worker strikes and demonstrations reflected widespread discontent and led to desertions among soldiers.
- Russia exited the war with Germany on March 3, 1918, impacting the dynamics on the European front.
- Italy's military setbacks at Caporetto led to leadership changes and promises of post-war benefits for soldiers.
- The Allied counterattack in spring 1918 forced Germany to seek an armistice, followed by Austria's defeat at Vittorio Veneto.
Trench warfare was characterized by the immobility and didn’t bring results in conflict. In many countries, such as France, England and Italy were born currents that opposed the war. The workers went on strike and promoted often violent demonstrations and on the front there were the first cases of desertion, driven by a climate of resignation among the soldiers
On 3 March 1918 Russia signed peace with Germany and came out from the war.
After the withdrawal of Russia, Austria and Germany attacked the Italian front; On 24 October was attacked Caporetto: The "route" of Caporetto testified the limitation of the Italian troops.
Italy had a reaction forming a government headed by Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.
The government promised economic benefits for the soldiers after the war, including a distribution of lands.
In the spring of 1918 the German army attacked France. German troops penetrated into the lines of the Anglo-French, which launched a violent and victorious counterattack that destroyed the German front. The German emperor proposed an armistice, but the command of the Entente demanded a complete surrender. After successfully resisted the attacks Austrians, the Italian army defeated them in Vittorio Veneto 24 October 1918.
Austria signed the armistice November 4, 1918 and Germany 11.
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