Concetti Chiave
- Nelson Mandela was a pivotal black South African leader who championed civil rights and became a global symbol against apartheid.
- Mandela endured 27 years in prison for his political beliefs, highlighting his dedication to the fight against racial segregation.
- In 1990, Mandela's release marked a turning point in South Africa's history, eventually leading to his election as president in 1994.
- The apartheid regime enforced severe racial segregation laws that restricted the rights and movements of the majority black population until its end in 1990.
- The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established in 1994 to investigate abuses committed during apartheid, promoting healing and unity.
Indice
Origini dei Boeri
In 1657, a few people left the Dutch East India Company, which had some stations for its trading ships, and became settlers in South Africa. They were the first “Boers” (farmers). The descendants of the first Boers called themselves ”Afrikaners.” Today their language, ”Afrikaans” is the mother tongue to 5 million people. During the nineteenth century the British presence and influence grew. In 1898, the Anglo-Boer war broke out. The U.K. won the war against the Boers in 1902.
Definizione di apartheid
Apartheid, pronounced “a-part-hate”, means separateness, segregation. The basis of apartheid is the racial discrimination of citizens through different political, social, religious, cultural and economic treatment.
Here are some examples of apartheid in South Africa that became the official government policy in 1948 (until 1990):
- 80% of the population (native groups) had less than 15 per cent of the land.
- The population was strictly divided into race groups.
- Inter-racial marriages were forbidden.
- The towns were divided into racial sectors.
- The movements of the black people were restricted.
Commissione per la verità e riconciliazione
In 1994, the new government established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, with the purpose of investigating abuses committed during the apartheid regime.
He was the most important black South African leader and fought for the civil rights of black people.
He spent 27 years in prison because of his political ideas. During this period he became the symbol of the struggle against apartheid all over the world.
Riconoscimenti e carriera politica
In 1990 he was set free; in 1993 he won the Nobel Peace prize with F.W. de Clerk, the last white president in South Africa. In 1994 he was elected president and he retired from public life in 1999.
Domande da interrogazione
- Quali furono le origini dei Boeri in Sud Africa?
- Cosa significava l'apartheid in Sud Africa?
- Qual è stato il ruolo della Commissione per la verità e riconciliazione?
I Boeri furono i primi coloni che lasciarono la Compagnia Olandese delle Indie Orientali nel 1657 per stabilirsi in Sud Africa. I loro discendenti si chiamarono "Afrikaners" e la loro lingua, l'afrikaans, è oggi la lingua madre di 5 milioni di persone.
L'apartheid significava separazione e discriminazione razziale, con politiche ufficiali dal 1948 al 1990 che includevano la divisione della popolazione in gruppi razziali, restrizioni sui matrimoni interrazziali e limitazioni sui movimenti delle persone nere.
La Commissione per la verità e riconciliazione, istituita nel 1994, aveva lo scopo di indagare sugli abusi commessi durante il regime dell'apartheid, contribuendo al processo di riconciliazione nazionale.
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