Cinematica arti superiori (kinematics upper limbs)

Movements of the Shoulder in the Sagittal Plane:

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• Cody should position his shoulder and forearm behind his mid trunk for better extension.
• He should evaluate the subscapularis and infraspinatus rotator cuff muscles.
• He should also evaluate the dorsimuscle: atissiius.
• The main muscles involved in circumduction and all the movements of the shoulder are the subscapularis, major, teres major, and pectoralis major.
• Movements of the elbow include extension in the posterior direction and flexion in the anterior direction.
• From the reference position, elbow extension is hyperextension at 100 degrees.
• Elbow flexion in the anterior direction is 180 degrees, with no contact with the arm.
• The biceps muscle is active in flexion, occupying more space, while passive flexion is limited to 160 degrees with no muscle contraction.
• Rotation of the forearm is allowed by two axes: the radio-ulnar joint belonging to the superior joint and the radio-ulnar joint belonging to the inferior joint.
• Probation of the radius and ulna crosses each other at 90 degrees.
• Proximally, the radius moves laterally, while distally, the ulna moves medially.

supination lies on the lateral side of the forearm. The movement of the wrist includes: 1) Flexion: the posterior/dorsal ligament is stretched, while the anterior/palmar ligament is relaxed. 2) Extension: the anterior/palmar ligament is stretched, while the posterior/dorsal ligament is relaxed. 3) Abduction: the ulnar side of the wrist is stretched, limiting abduction. 4) Adduction: the radial side of the wrist is stretched, limiting adduction. 5) Pronation: both the distal and proximal radioulnar joints are involved when pronating the forearm. 6) Supination: the hand moves from a pronated position to a supinated position. The movements of the hand in relation to the forearm include: 1) Sagittal plane: flexion and extension of the hand in the palmar and dorsal surfaces. 2) Transverse plane: abduction and adduction of the hand towards the ulnar and radial sides. 3) Frontal plane: radial deviation and ulnar deviation of the hand towards the lateral and medial sides. Note: The text has been formatted using HTML tags.

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