Pathology

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I DSD171 AND INCCASCA

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asseustocar GACM5

⑥ -C3a and C5a are

a.chemotactic factors for leukocytes

b.key activators of mast cells

c.plasma proteins responsible for tumor destruction

d.adhesion molecules controlling leukocyte migration

e.types of antibodies

I -Apoptosis involves:

a.nucleus pyknosis

b.cytochrome C and caspase activation

c.an inflammation response

d.lysosomal enzymatic digestion

e.TGF beta receptor pathway

8 -Autophagy:

a.is due to ROS production

b.is associated to increased apoptosis

c.occurs during starvation and ischemia

d.represents increased phagocytosis

-Integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion:

I a.is a phenomenon involved predominantly during chronic inflammation

b.is due to inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways

c.is induced by activating factors, such as chemokines

d.involves low affinity interactions and mucin ligands

10 -Type IV hypersensibility is due to:

a.antibodies targeting antigens from the extracellular matrix

b.immune complexes, which deposit in blood vessel wall

c.autoreactive T cells against self-antigens

d.antibodies targeting antigens on cell surfaces

! -Shock can occur following

a.tachycardia

b.neurofibromatosis, meningiomas and scleroderma

c.allergies and myocardial infarction

d.melanoma, chronic lymphatic leukemia

2 -eosinophils:

a.generate anaphylatoxins

b.release histamine

c.are involved in Type II hypersensitivity reactions

d. Produce major basic protein and kill helminths

13 -systemic sclerosis

a.is due to mechanical injury

b.is due to cardiac fibrosis

c.is due to asthma

d.is a graft-versus-host disease characterized by fibrosis

e.is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis

↑ -IgE binding to its receptor (FcεRI) on the surface of mast cells

a.blocks the release of lipid mediators

b.induces release of histamine

c.induces degranulation after antigen binding

d.blocks eosinophil activation

15 -Th2 cells are important in:

a.eosinophil inhibition during allergic responses

b.neutrophil response and production of anti-microbial peptides

c.antibody production and alternative macrophage activation

d.complement binding and opsonization and phagocytosis

e.activation of neutrophils and enhanced microbial killing by macrophages

16 -dysplasia is

a.a type of chronic inflammation

b.a type of neoplasia

c. an alteration of cell size and number

d.an alteration of cell differentiation penduticle:

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-major histocompatibility system (MHC) 01πB

= lufci c

-

a.presents antigens to T cells

b.is formed by antibodies

c.is formed by plasma proteins, which help to kill microbes

d.generates chemotactic factors for T cells

e.presents antigens for B cells

8 -Mannose-binding lectin:

a.induces the alternative pathway of macrophage activation activated

lectic pathway is

when hexeses

b.has a role in the resolution of inflammation to

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up

Iglucose, monose)

fucose,

c.blocks macrophage activation

d.activates the coagulation cascade

e.activates the complement system

1 -regulatory T cells:

a.do not block the function of CD4+ T cells

b.are produced exclusively in the peripheral lymphoid organs

c.may induce cytolysis by producing granzymes

d.produce large amounts of IL-2

20 -Toll-like receptors

a.recognize soluble adhesion molecules

b.are located on mitochondria

c.make clearance of cytokines and chemokines

d.recognize PAMPs

e.are mostly soluble molecules inside the cytoplasm

21 -tumor stroma represents:

a.a neoplastic connective tissue and blood vessels

b.non neoplastic connective tissue and blood vessels

c.transformed neoplastic cells

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-histamine potent

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I2 is a

a.is produced by lymphocytes and monocytes

b.provokes vasoconstriction

c.is produced following trauma and rapid hypersensitivity reactions

d.is a lipid mediator of inflammation

e.is produced by pulmonary macrophages

23 -disseminated intravascular coagulation may be triggered by

a.burn injury and leukemia

b.myocardial infarction

c.inherited deficiencies of anti-coagulants

d.atrial fibrillation

& -NETosis is characterized by

a.production of neutrophil extracellular traps to kill microbes

b.degradation of nuclear material in neutrophils by nuclear enzymes

c.activation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases in neutrophils

d.activation of death receptor pathway in phagocytes

e.activation of TNF signaling pathway in all leukocytes

25 -the receptor for FC portion of immunoglobulins (FCR)

a.mediates the transition from M1 to M2 macrophages

b.is fundamental for immunoglobulin production

c.mediates phagocytosis

& d.mediates T cell cytotoxicity

a

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26 ne

-IL-10

a.activates T cells

b.activates macrophages

c.reduces inflammation

d.induces chemotactic activity

ac-supressa

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/

- -p53 is activated following

a.increase of ribosomal function

b.hypoxia and DNA damage

c.increase of nutrients and autophagy

28 -tissue factor

a.activates the formation of fibrinogen-fibrin complex

b.initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway

c.is involved in complement activation

d.activates plasmin and factor IX of the coagulation pathway

79 -tumors releasing plasminogen activator induce

a.hyperactivation of fibrinolysis

b.apoptosis of leukocytes

c.ROS production

d.vitamin K deficiency

-B cells

30 a.require dendritic cells for their activation

b.recognize antigen presented by the MHC

c.require CD4+ cells for their activation

d.are key activators of NK cells

e.are short lived

3. -glutathione peroxidase:

a.transforms superoxide anion in water

b.transform hydrogen peroxide in water

c.converts superoxide anion in OH-

32 -anti-thrombin III:

a.degrades fibrin

b.blocks thrombomodulin

c.its action is blocked by heparin

d.is a serine protease inhibitor

e.degrades tissue factor

33 -vagus nerve stimulation

a.contributes to systemic fibrosis

b.induces the switch from M2 to M1 macrophages

c.activates immune system cells

d.inhibits inflammation

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-Haber-Weiss reaction (two answer):

/

a.does not include Fenton reaction

b.generates superoxide radicals

c.is catalyzed by iron

d.is very rapid

e.generates hydroxyl radicals neutrophils,

activate

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35 induce

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-leukotriens: mession

a.are precursor of thromboxane A2

b.induce vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction

c.are precursors of prostacyclin

d.are a typical characteristic of chronic inflammation

e.induce bronchospasm and increased vascular permeability

36 -IL-17

a.contribute to the induction of autoimmune diseases

b.block macrophage activation

c.have a protective effect against viruses

d.do not act on non-immune cells

3 -transudate

a.is generated during tumor growth

b.contains dead cells

c.contains inflammatory cells

d.has low protein content aroygessens

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decides enssmimosaplane

one

-cyclooxygenase inhibitors

38 produce rod bisco

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quinch

a.increase vascular permeability

b.block platelet aggregation

c.induce vasodilation

d.induce bronchospasm

3(((((

-the roles of kinins include

a.primary hemostasis,bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, chemotaxis

b.chemotaxis,vasodilation,pain,leukocyte activation

c.dysregulation of venous pressure, blockade of leukocyte functions

d.secondary hemostasis, increased vascular permeability, activation of complement system

·((((((

-degradation of fibrin through the fibrinolytic system requires:

a.plasminogen activators

b.plasminogen activator inhibitors

c.trombomodulin

d.Alpha1-antitrypsin

9) -A mutation in ras gene represents:

Ross small -acsopmesso

↑52

case gene

a functies

of d

gain

proomogene

a.a factor regulating chronic inflammation

b.a mechanism regarding oncogenes involved in tumor induction

c.a factor promoting actute inflammation

d.a mechanism regarding oncosupressor genes involved in tumor induction

4 -cell-mediated immunity

a.is mediated by T cells

b.involves B cells and antibodies

c.involves complement and NK cells

d.is mediated by neutrophils and eosinophils

-fibrinosis is characterized by

#3 a.inhibition of apoptosis

b.inhibition of myoblast function

c.production of TGFβ

d.inhibition of ROS production

99 -endogenous factors leading to chronic inflammation include:

a.oxidized lipoproteins and advanced glycation end products

b.PAMPs and toxic compounds

c.long chain fatty acids and ATP

d.allergens and foreign bodies

&S -Fibrinoid necrosis is due to:

a.a deposition of immune complexes in blood vessel wall

b.myocardial infarction

c.denaturation of structural proteins

d.enzymatic digestion of cells

e.inflammasome activation in leukocytes

(////

-annexin 1

↑ a.promotes neutrophil migration

/

b.is involved in macrophage activation

c.induces the resolution of inflammation

d.reduces the production or pro-resolving mediators

-metaplasia represents

&7 a.an irreversible alteration in which an adult tumor cell is replaced by another adult tumor cell

b.a process which can be a consequence of chronic inflammation

c.an alteration of cell proliferation with reduction of cellular damage

d.an irreversible alteration in which a mesenchymal adult cell is replaced by an epithelial adult cell

<S -the increase of intracellular Ca++ following injury leads to

a.reduction of endonuclease activity and chromatin damage

b.reduction of protease activity and damage to cytoskeleton and cellular membranes

c.increase of intracellular ATP

d.activation of phospholipases and reduction of membrane phospholipids

-P-selectin is

49 a.expressed on platelet surface before activation

b.constitutively expressed by normal endothelium

c.expressed by activated macrophages

d.upregulated by endothelial cells during inflammation

-acute inflammation

sa a.requires basophils and B cells

b.involves T and B cells, monocytes and microcirculation

c.requires T cells and platelets involves immunity

it innate

a

d.involves granulocytes, vasodilation and edema alterations

cells vascular

and

->

e.is a process induced by macrophages acute inflammation

a.requires basoph