Riassunti Lingua e traduzione inglese 4

SHORT NOTES

A short note is a short message, where we leave an important message to someone like:

• SMS
• Message on a little piece of paper
• WhatsApp/HangOut message

Moreover, we've seen that in short messages:

• We omit both the name of the writer and the one of the reader
• We omit some grammar words
• We don't find any information about when and why the message has been written
• The writer often uses the passive

Now, you will learn some skills to write short notes in particular occasions:

Birthdays greetings

• Make sure you write and send the card before the actual day, so to avoid expressions like "sorry, I forgot what day was" or "I know I'm late". If you write on the right time, the addressee will appreciate your kindness
• Remember: not everyone is happy to get older! Numbers are not so friendly, especially for 'those' young ladies. When you write your greetings card, try not to focus on

The age, but focus on the person and his/her best qualities!

• Don't forget to tell the addressee how special he/she is for you!

Celebratory cards

• Don't be afraid to compliment! On the contrary, let your positivity flow through the ink of your pen. Remember to include in your congratulations not only the person who has achieved a specific goal, but also his/her family or partner or members of the team he/she works;
• Never judge or give advice! Express your support and reassure the addressee if the path to achieve his/her goal has been tough. Say that he/she deserves all the success he/she's having;

Condolence cards

• Avoid words such as "dead": they could be too aggressive for whom will read. Substitute it with "loss", for example;
• Don't be afraid to use the name of the person who passed away: it is not an offense.
• Focus on the best qualities of this person and the memories he/she left. If you share them through a letter,

An informal letter is a text you address to anyone you have a non-professional relationship with. It is a text you write to a person you're familiar with: a friend, a relative, etc. It could be a relative, an old friend or even one of your colleagues. It is usually between people who know each other well.

An informal letter is composed by:

• An address: should be located at the top right corner of the page,
• The date: is usually located below your own address.
• Street name and number.
• An opening: you could say: "Hi + (name)" but it is always safer to just say "Dear + (name)," (remember the comma after the name!).
• The body: You would normally start with a greeting. Then, it is divided into paragraphs.
• A closing: When you finish your letter, give a reason why you're ending the letter, send greetings and/or make reference for future contact; then, add a closing statement on a newline.

• The signature. Signature Your first name follows on another new line.

INFORMAL E-MAIL

An informal e-mail is an electronic text you address to anyone you have a nonprofessional relationship with through an e-mail service. It is a text you write to a person you're familiar with:

• To make new friends;
• To say "hello" to a friend/relative;
• To invite a friend/relative to an event;
• To talk about common interests;
• To inform your friend/relative that you've heard something about them (news, achievements) and want to tell them how you feel.

The parts an informal e-mail can be possibly written are:

• The title. Choose a title that summarizes the content of your mail
• The opening greetings (es. "Hi Jane," "Hello Jimmy," "How are you?" "I hope you're doing well".

It is important, in this part of the mail, that you

Express your concern.

• The body (in this part you can introduce yourself) or if you're writing to a person you already know, in this part you could: update them on your life or require an update on their life; write about the purpose of your message;
• Closing: in this part of the text: send wishes; let your addressees know that you'll want his answer; tell your addressee you hope to see him/her soon. Conclude with expressions such as "Love" or "best wishes" and then add your signature.

Remember! it is an e-mail, not a letter: if you want, you can attach photos to your text and send them to your addressee!

MAIL TO A HOTEL

There are several reasons to write an e-mail to a hotel:

• when you want to book a room;
• when you want to ask information before booking a room;

When you write an e-mail to a hotel, you must respect some rules:

• Use a formal language;
• Check grammar and spelling;
• Don't include unnecessary

AN E-MAIL TO APPLY FOR A JOB

When you write an e-mail to apply for a job, you must respect some rules:

• Address the manager properly (dear Mr.)
• Use a formal style.
• Avoid personal unnecessary details;
• Write clearly;
• Check grammar and spelling;
• Make sure to attach the documents required;
• Respect deadlines.

The e-mail must be formed by:

• A subject (the title of your mail)
• Formal opening greetings;
• A body in which:
• In the first paragraph, you explain how you got to know about this opportunity;
• In the second paragraph, you write about your professional and scholar carrier, your skills and what do you expect from this job;
• In the third and last paragraph, you thank the recipient for the opportunity and express your willingness to provide any additional information if needed.

ATTENZIONE: non modificare il testo in altro modo, NON aggiungere commenti, NON utilizzare tag h1;

ATTENZIONE.

• A closing where you can also inform your recipient you will wait for an answer.
• A signature;
• Personal contacts

WRITE AN E-MAIL TO A PROFESSOR

Writing to a professor in a very common practice for students. You have plenty of reasons to write such e-mails, for example:

• to ask information about the course/exam;
• to ask information about his/her office hour.

Let us see how to write an e-mail to your prof.

• Address to the professor properly;
• Use a formal style;
• Avoid personal unnecessary details;
• Write clearly;
• Check grammar and spelling;
• Your matriculation number.
• The title.
• Write a strong subject line.
• Start with a greeting using the professor's title and surname ("Dear Dr. + name" followed by a comma).
• The body.
• Check the spelling after you're finish writing and read the e-mail several times before sending it;
• Use a professional tone: DO NOT use exclamation marks

or LoL, XD, Etc.

• DO NOT use expressions like "cool!", "... man!" although you did like his/her lesson and want to express your sincere feelings
• Be polite.
• CAPITALIZE words appropriately: Dear Dr Fergents;
• Acknowledge a reply: if the professor answers to your e-mail, make sure you acknowledge that you received it. Write another mail, starting with: "Thank you for addressing my question".

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

When describing yourself or a person, you need to write:

• a brief introduction with some basic information (ex. Name).
• a main body, where you describe the person, his personality, hobbies and interest.
• a conclusion in which you leave your comment (your feelings towards the person you're describing.).

DESCRIBING PLACES

When describing a place, you need to write:

• a brief introduction with the exact location of the place you've chosen;
• a main body, where you describe the aspects of the place.

Place:

• A conclusion in which you give your opinion and/or recommendation. You can also write about the sensations the place evoked in your heart and mind.
• If you're writing for a touristic brochure, use present tenses to describe the place. Instead, if you're writing about a place you've visited, use past tenses. Finally, if you're writing about an ideal place (a place you would like to visit, for example), use first or even second conditionals:
• Avoid beginning all the sentences in the same way, otherwise your paper will be boring; try to link the sentences together, so to have a fluid style. You can link together sentences using the past participle.

DESCRIBING OBJECTS

It is important to give information about any aspect of the object. Your description should include all the characteristics.

Descriptive compositions

Your description should contain:

• An introduction, in which you explain when the party is and what's the reason why

There's a celebration.

• A main body, where you explain how the party is organized;
• A conclusion, where you write about the (un)success of the event.

INSTRUCTIONS, DIRECTIONS, PROCESSES

When you happen to give instructions, directions or explain the phases of a process, you must respect some simple rules:

• Give detailed information;
• The information must follow a chronological order;
• The information should be as brief and clear as possible;
• If you need, number every phase/stage of the process/instructions.
• You must refer one information at a time. If you're writing, write every information on a newline;

HOW TO WRITE AN ARTICLE

What is an article? An article is a piece of writing usually intended for publication in a newspaper or a magazine; it is written for a wide audience, so it is essential to catch and retain the readers' attention; it may include amusing stories, reported speech, and descriptions; it can be formal or informal, depending on the context.

An article can:

• describe an experience, event, person, or place.
• present an opinion or balanced argument.

A realistic article should consist of:

• an eye-catching title which attracts the readers' attention and suggests the theme of the article. (Think about why you read a magazine or newspaper article recently - what made you read it?) Articles can also have subheadings before each paragraph.
• an introduction which clearly defines the topic to be covered and keeps the reader's attention.
• the main body of two to five paragraphs in which the topic is further developed in detail.