Professional English III - Appunti

ACCOUNTABILITY = Being responsible for what you do and willing to explain it or accept criticism!

OBBLIGATION = A moral or legal duty to do something!

CONNECTIONS = People you know who can help you, especially because they are in positions of power!

NETWORKING = Talking to other people who do similar work in order to help each other!

PERSEVERANCE = Determination to keep trying to do something difficult!

! Multiword verbs Meanings

Get on Have a friendly relationship

Checked in Registered

Build up Make stronger

To turn round Change something into something successful

Put off Postponing/Delaying

Turn up Appear/Arrive somewhere

Let down Disappoint

Set up Arrange

Carry on Continue

Call off Cancelled

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Useful Language!

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Mentioning people you know!

! Giving advice:!

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I was given your name by...!

• Why don’t you give him a call?!

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(name)...suggested I gave you a call.!

• You could meet our Systems Manager.!

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A colleague/friend/acquaintance

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mentioned your name !

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Asking for help/contacts! Establishing common interests!

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Can I mention your name when I call him?! We have something in common. We’re

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She mentioned that you might be able to both interested in...!

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help me.! I see we’re in the same line of business.!

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Have you got this phone number, by any We both do similar work. / We have similar

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chance?! interests.!

Do you have this contact details? Are you in sales or product development?

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Referring to previous meetings!

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Haven’t we met somewhere before?!

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We both went to that presentation.!

• I think we met some time ago.

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UNIT 4 - SUCCES!

! Successful Qualities

Charisma!

Dedication!

Discipline!

Drive (=focused)!

Imagination!

Looks!

Luck!

Money!

Nepotism!

Ruthlessness (no scrupols)!

Competitiveness!

Reliability!

Open-mind!

Creativity

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Vocaboulary: Prefixes!

! Prefixes Meanings Following words ex.

Over Too Much Spend; Estimate; Supply

Out Better/More than Produce; Bid(Offer to pay); Class

Mis Badly Manage; Judje; Calculate

Ultra Extremely Efficient; Cautious; Modern

Ex Former Boss; Director; Employee

De Opposite Merge; Nationalise; Regulate

Co With Producer; Worker; Author

Under Too Little Perform; Rate; Charge

Re Again Launch; Engineer; Locate

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Useful Language!

Bargaining! Checking Understanding! Signalling!

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If you increase your order, we’ll Sorry, could you repeat that?! I’d like to make a suggestion. I think

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give you a bigger discount.! Are you saying you don’t have we should leave this point and come

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We can deliver by that date, that quantity in stock?! back to it later.!

• providing we have the goods in So what you’re saying is you’ll.. I want to ask a question. How are we

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stock.! going to pay for this?

If we lowered the price, would you

• be prepared to increase your !!

order?

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UNIT 5 - JOB SATISFACTION!

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Vocabulary: Synonyms! !

Word Synonymous

Assessment Appraisal

Breakdown Burnout

Autonomy

Empowerement Perks

Fringe benefits Bureaucracy

Red tape Compensation

Remuneration Golden Handshake

Severance payment Go on strike

Take industrial action

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Vocabulary: Word-Building!

! Word Buildings

Satisfy Satisfied!

Desatisfied!

Satisfaction

Motivate Motivating!

Demotivated!

Motivation

Frustrate Frustration!

Frustrating!

Frustrated

Recognise Unrecognised!

Recognition!

Recognised

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Useful Language!

Cold-calling! Persuading candidates to consider the offer!

! ! Dealing with objections!

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Hello, Mr/Mrs/Ms X. My Kb is offering a top salary and great

• • People often say that to me, but...!

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name’s...! benefits.! There’s another thing you should be

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I work for Y. I was given It’s well over six figures.!

• • bear in mind.!

It’s a very attractive part of the package.!

• You can look at this another way.!

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They give staff a substantial bonus - well

Showing interest! •

! above the industry average.! Sounding people out!

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Why don’t we get together? If you’re still

Perhaps we could discuss •

• interested....!

this face to face?! Z suggested I call you. He/She thought

•

I’d like some time to think

• you might be interested in...!

about this. ! I was wondering if you’d be interested

• in...

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UNIT 6 - RISK!

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Vocabulary: Describing risk!

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! predict meet assess (prevedere) manage

!! ! Estimate! Spread!

Face! Calculate! Minimise!

Anticipate! Identify! Evaluate! Reduce!

Foresee Encounter Measure! Eliminate!

Gauge! Prioritise

Weigh up

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! slight! serious!

A Risk can be… • •

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!! great! negligible!

• •

! minuscole! significant!

• •

! considerable! imminent!

• •

! potential! substantial!

• •

! immediate! terrible!

• •

! huge! tremendous

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! remote!

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Language review : Adverbs of degree!

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! Adverbs that strengthen the meaning of Adverbs that soften the meaning of adjectives

adjectives

! A bit!

Entirely! Exceptionally!

Extremely! Fairly!

Fully! Moderately!

Highly! Quite!

Increasingly! Rather!

Very! Reasonably!

Totally Slightly!

Somewhat

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UNIT 7 - MANAGMENT STYLES!

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Vocabulary: Management qualities!

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! Adjective Opposite meaning Noun

Considerate Inconsiderate Consideration

Competent Incompetent Competence

Creative Uncreative Creativity

Diplomatic Undiplomatic Diplomacy

Efficient Unefficient Efficiency

Flexible Inflexible Flexability

Inspiring Unispiring Inspiration

Logical Illogical/Illogic Logicality

Loyal Disloyal Loyalty

Organised Unorganised (No Organisation

organisation at all) /

Disorganised (Very bad

organised)

Decisive Indecisive Decision

Responsible Irresponsible Responsibility

Sociable Unsociable Sociability

Supportive Unsupportive Support

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New words: !

! Ruthless = not caring if you have to harm others to get what you want!

• Perfectionist = not satisfied with anything unless it is exactly right!

• Talented = having a natural ability to do something well!

• Self-motivated = wanting to achieve something by themselves!

• Anti-authoritarian = against forcing people to obey strict rules!

• Approachable = friendly and easy to talk to !

• Demanding = expecting a lot of time and efforts from others!

• Volatile = liable to suddenly become angry!

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! Word/Expression Synonymous

Dismiss Dispel

Makes people feel frightened Strikes Terror

Hatred Loathing (odiare)

Group Band

Determined Driven

Displays Bears

Abrupt Brusque (rude)

Trying hard Striving

Protection Armour

Homely Cosy

Authocratic Regimented

Attitude Mindset

Enforce Empose

Use Exert

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UNIT 8 - TEAM BUILDING!

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Vocabulary: prefixes!

! Mis = do badly!

• Pro = in favour of!

• Pre = before!

• Post = after!

• Dis = not!

• Ex = former!

• Bi = two!

• Re = again!

• Multi = many!

• Hyper = very /more than usual!

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Language review : Modal perfect!

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The modal perfect is formed using modal verb + have + past participle.!

His presence might have boosted the team’s performance.!

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Two uses of the modal perfect are:!

! criticising or commenting on past actions

• You really should have backed up the files.

We needn’t have hurried to the airport, as the plane was late.!

speculating about the past or present

• I think the meeting may have finished now.

I’ve phoned the office three times now. I think they must have gone home.!

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UNIT 9 - RAISING FINANCE!

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Vocabulary: Financial terms!

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“Money talks” = money is persuasive!

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“Don’t pull all your eggs in one basket” = When you have other options!

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“You have to speculate to accumulate” = You have to risk and invest!

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“Don’t throw good money after bad” = Don’t waste money!

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“Lend your money and lose a friend” = Don’t lend money to friends!

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“Out of debt, out of danger” = Pay your debts!

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“He who pays the piper calls the tune” = The person who pays decides how to use the money!

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“Beggars can’t be choosers” = People without money can’t decide!

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! Customers not paying on time often leads to cashflow problems.!

• Our state-of-the art machinery is our major asset.!

• The interest rate on the loan was 12%.!

• They could not pay their debts and faced bankruptcy.!

• Sorbat has gone into investment with debts of about 20 million.!

• The finance a company raises from issuing shares rather than taking out loans is known as

• equity capital.!

The principal is the original amount of a loan not including any interest charged.!

• A/an mortgage is a particular type of loan for t