Riassunto esame Strategie comunicative e negoziali della lingua inglese, prof. Baldi, libro consigliato Persuasion in Politics, Partington

PERSUASION IN POLITICS

UNIT 1: EVALUATION, WHAT'S GOOD AND WHAT'S BAD

There are many ways in which politicians use language. As Shapiro points out, languageis vital to the process of transforming political will into social action.

Any political action is prepared, accompanied, controlled and influenced by language.

Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. - Mao Tse Tung

I have come to the conclusion that politics is too serious a matter to be left to thepoliticians. - Charles De Gaulle

Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that itbears a very close resemblance to the first. - Ronald Reagan

Politics is for the present, but an equation is for eternity. - Einstein

Politics is almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can only bekilled once, but in politics many times. - Churchill

In an absolutist or totalitarian regime, those in power rule by using the twin weaponsof coercion and the manipulation of information.

In a democracy, the principal use of language in politics is for persuasion in debate.

PERSUASION IN POLITICS

UNIT 1: EVALUATION, WHAT’S GOOD AND WHAT’S BAD

There are many ways in which politicians use language.As Shafrinee points out, language is vital to the process of transforming political will into social action.Any political action is prepared, accompanied, controlled and influenced by language.

Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. Mao Tse Tung

I have come to the conclusion that politics is too serious a matter to be left to the politicians. Charles De Gaulle

Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first. Ronald Reagan

Politics is for the present, but an equation is for eternity. Einstein

Politics is almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can only be killed once, but in politics many times. Churchill

In an absolutist or totalitarian regime, those in power rule by using the twin weapons of coercion and the manipulation of information.In a democracy, the principal use of language in politics is for persuasion in debate.

The art of political persuasion wisdom in Ancient Greece

Art of Rhetoric ⇒ the science of persuasion

• three main fields of application
• politics (forensic)
• law (forensic)
• speeches of public praise or blame (epidemic)

Rhetoric

⇒ had a mixed reputation

the word can have a number of meanings.

Aristotle

• sets of persuasive discourse

the use of words by human agents to form attitudes or to induce actions in other human agents.

It implies the activation of the DIRECTIVE FUNCTION of language seeking to affect the behaviour of the addressee.

Studying rhetoric means studying the PERLOCUTIONARY force of utterances

• the effect speakers intend them to have on their audience.

Plato

• the assertion is speech-trigger

Rhetoric is manipulative and that is somehow a defeat between choosing sounding rhetorical argument and the truth.

MIDDLE AGES → equivalent to GRANDIOQUENCE

high sounding but empty language

This meaning derives from the obsequious

flatteries that the late Antiquity

offered the courtiers. It is a figurative

language and language TROPE (or

FIGURES) that took place by sybaritic

orators.

RHETORIC is an over-the-top or

outlandish word

it is used to describe the orator of those

In

In modern times the word rhetoric enjoys a very

severe reputation.

The techniques of persuasion → a way to dramatize their

power over the powerless.

The relationship between rhetoric and power hasn't always

been a cosy one.

Rhetoric has been subversive of authority, and authority

has always been wary and intolerant of rhetoric

on a reason it called into course.

In those societies where speech is relatively free, much

attention is being paid to the phenomenon of SPIN.

To the tailoring of news and information on its release

to the public to rest a favourable light on the

institutions of authority

The term itself is a metaphor deriving from the sport of baseball.

Thus the politician or his/her agent hopes to spin their political message so that it will reach the public without the intervention of a critical press.

The process is necessary because the modern press is obsessed with conflict and scandal and is forever distorting their message.

In the UK and the US all