Lingua inglese - esercitazione con elaborato

3. APPUNTI PRESI DURANTE LE LEZIONI DELLA PROFESSORESSA

4. RIASSUNTI CAPITOLI N.3-4 DEL LIBRO VIEWS IN THE NEWS

5. ARTICOLO ANALIZZATO

1. INDICAZIONI E CONSIGLI PRATICI SU COME SI SVOLGERÀ

L’ESAME

Gli argomenti tra cui scegliere i due o più articoli da analizzare sono tanti:

-politica interna (es. condanna di Berlusconi, nomina di Renzi ecc.)

-politica estera( es. Siria, Ucraina, Israele ecc.)

-casi di cronaca che destano interesse o scalpore( es. tragedie come il naufragio della Concordia,

tragedie sul lavoro, casi di omicidio)

-problemi della società(violenza, criminalità, droga ecc.)

-tema della migrazione in tutti i suoi aspetti.

Vi scrivo alcune testate famose da cui potete trarre i vostri articoli:

-http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

-http://www.theguardian.com/uk

-http://www.independent.co.uk/

-http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/

-http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/index.html

-http://www.express.co.uk/

-http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/

-http://www.mirror.co.uk/

e questa tabella indica orientamenti politici e lettori di destinazione:

• Broadsheet and former broadsheet newspapers Political Party

Title Published Format Orientation Support in 2010

General Election

Centre-right,

The Daily Conservative

Daily Broadsheet conservative

Telegraph Party

Economically

Financial Conservative

Daily Broadsheet liberal, politically

Times Party

centrist

Berliner

The since 12 Centre-left and Liberal

Daily

Guardian September social-liberal Democrats

2005

Compact Economically

The Liberal

Daily since May liberal, politically

Independent Democrats

2004 centrist

Compact

since Conservative

The Times Daily Centre-right

November Party

2004

• "Middle-market" tabloid newspapers Political Party

Title Published Format Orientation Support in 2010

General Election

Tabloid

Daily Right-wing

Daily (Broadsheet Conservative Party

Mail populist

until 1971)

Compact

Daily Right-wing

Daily (Broadsheet Conservative Party

Express populist

until 1977)

• Tabloid newspapers Political Party

Title Published Format Orientation Support in 2010

General Election

Right-wing Conservative

The Sun Daily Tabloid populist Party

Social

DailyMirror Daily Tabloid democratic, Labour Party

populist

Right-wing

Daily Star Daily Tabloid populist

Follows Britain's

The Road to Socialism

Morning Daily Tabloid (the programme Labour Party

Star of the Communist

Party of Britain)

Svolgimento dell’esame:

La mattina intorno alle 10 si sostiene la parte scritta dell’esame :un testo con delle domande a

risposta aperta o vero falso; una ventina di esercizi di completamento( la prova vale 30 punti);

alle 12 e 30 inizia l'orale: prima c'è il colloquio con il madrelingua (chiederà qualcosa su di voi e vi

farà descrivere delle immagini come ad esempio famiglie su prati, cascate, paesaggi naturali, feste

ecc.); dopo ci sarà il colloquio con la professoressa che prima verterà sui seminari e poi

sull'elaborato. Vi ricordo inoltre che chi dovrà sostenere l'esame da 9cfu è tenuto a portare 4

seminari e chi dovrà sostenere quello da 6 cfu porterà 1 seminario.

2.ESEMPIO DI STRUTTURA DELL’ELABORATO

UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI

"FEDERICO II"

DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE POLITICHE

CORSO DI LAUREA TRIENNALE/MAGISTRALE IN SCIENZE

POLITICHE

E DELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI

Corso di Lingua Inglese (9/6 CFU)

Docente: prof.ssa Vanda Polese

ANNO ACCADEMICO 2013/2014

Titolo Elaborato

Nome e Cognome

Matricola

INTRODUCTION: descrivere quelli che sono gli obiettivi dell’analisi

ARTICOLO 1:

1.Masthead: The masthead is the name of the newspaper… It supports the

Conservative/Labour Party and it is a up/middle/down market broadsheet/tabloid

2.Headline: analizzare la struttura individuando: phrases (sintagmi, gruppi di parole) con

le rispettive main words, clauses (proposizioni) e sentences(frasi). Indicare poi le

funzioni(attrarre l’attenzione del lettore, riassumere la storia ecc.). Indicare eventuali

abbreviazioni, parole omesse. Indicare le parole “rilevanti”(loaded words), cioè cariche di

significato, fuori contesto, messe in posizione di rilievo ed in base a questo ricavare (se

possibile) l’evaluation cioè il giudizio implicito o esplicito del reporter (includere anche

figure retoriche, giochi di parole, e cose simili). L’headline può essere composto da main

head(titolo principale) e sub head(sottotitolo) da analizzare.

3.Lead paragraph: è il primo paragrafo; analizzare la struttura individuando: phrases

(sintagmi, gruppi di parole) con le rispettive main words, clauses (proposizioni) e sentences.

Indicare poi le funzioni(attrarre l’attenzione del lettore, riassumere la storia ecc.). Indicare

eventuali abbreviazioni, parole omesse. Indicare le parole “rilevanti”, cioè cariche di

significato, fuori contesto, messe in posizione di rilievo ed in base a questo ricavare (se

possibile) l’evaluation cioè il giudizio implicito o esplicito del reporter. Segnalare anche

eventuali differenze nel modo in cui la notizia è riportata nel titolo e nel lead.

4.Satellites: riassunto veloce di 2-3 righe del resto dell’articolo

5.Context analysis : spiegare perché la notizia riportata è interessante per la readership

attraverso i criteri che sono riportati a pagina 20 di Views in the news.

6.Visual analysis : descrivere le eventuali immagini legata all’articolo anche con l’ausilio

del seminario Reading Images

ARTICOLO 2: stesso procedimento

Conclusion: riportare ciò che è emerso dall’analisi attenendosi a quanto scritto in

precedenza

3. APPUNTI PRESI DURANTE LE LEZIONI DELLA PROFESSORESSA

POLESE NEWS DISCOURSE

News discourse is something different from the speech (which is something spoken ) because the

news discourse is also referred to something written or written to be spoken.

Features:

1.VERSION: it can be printed version or online version;

2. DIFFERENT CLASS OF NEWSPAPERS: they are various basing on the social and economic

situation, people's education, people's earning ( prices are various basing on the kind of public: up-

market newspapers are more expensive than mid-market or down market newspapers), target or

ideal readership, aims, different stance or viewpoint. So we can distinguish between: up market

newspapers, mid-market newspapers and down market ones( generally read by working classes ).

3.STRUCTURE OF A NEWS STORY( news + story):

1. HEADLINE:

-Pre head or Kickoff

- Main head.

-Sub head or post head.

Functions: attracting attention, signaling urgency,signaling significance;

2. PICTURE ( photography) and CAPTURE ( a short description of the photo);

3.LEAD PARAGRAPH(1st paragraph): the main function is to elaborate the headline by expanding

information ( only essential information);

4.BODY COPY or SATELLITES ( collateral information concerning the main topic): its function is

to give additional information and to follow the lead paragraph;

So the layout of a news story is composed of : VISUAL elements, VERBAL elements.

The context can be national, social, community, environment etc.

• STRUCTURE :

- FUNCTIONS:

•Headlines: to catch readers' attention; to be condensed, concise, compressed and catchy ;

•Lead paragraph: to sum up the whole report and to expand the headline with essential information

- CATEGORIES:

•Headline: abstract; resolution; evaluation ( different ways of saying the same concept; it signals the

presence of the reporter's point of view);

•Lead paragraph: orientation, abstract, resolution and evaluation.

-LANGUAGE OF THE HEADLINES: has to reconcile facts and attention; specialised vocabulary

to attract attention ( unusual and brief words; metaphors; alliterations; metonymy; similes;

sensational words)

Typical features:

- OMISSION OF WORDS ( not necessary words because we can understand the meaning): usually

function but not structural words such as articles, determiners(some,this,that...), relative

pronouns( who, which), auxiliaries (is,are,was,were...).

-USE OF SHORT AND LOADED WORDS : add meanings to the words to catch sensibility more

than to inform; they are incisive, effective, economic, colorful, sensational, emotional, charged

lexis, connotative

-NOMINALIZATION : the lack of the verb

- USE OF GIMMIKS: strange words, new words

-VERBS IN THE HEADLINE:

• Present simple is a timeless tense, a teaser;

•Past participle is used to signal the passive form with omission of the agent;

•Infinitive is used to refer to the future;

•Future can also be used to mitigate tenses( modal verbs, conditional)

WHAT DO WE ANALYSE?

- Genre: type of communications that rely on conventions;

-Register: the language we use when you are addressing to someone

- Materials: political speeches, news articles, advertisement, letters, emails, interviews

It's necessary to identify conventional features to uncover their hidden meanings.

WHAT AFFECTS WRITING AND SPEAKING?

The stylistic choices obviously depend on all these variables: communicative context, the

writer's intention, the recipient, the context( when and where the message is produced and

will be activated).

4.RIASSUNTO CAPITOLI 3-4 DEL LIBRO (Fondamentali)

CHAPTER 3:WHAT THE HEADLINES SAY

Headlines are easily recognised thanks to the bold print and the telegraphic wording which

attracts readers' attention. But sometimes British headlines are very difficult to understand.

3.1 Headlines:

- underlines the urgency or importance of a story;

-encourages readers to go on to read the story by telling one of the W's;

- establishes the angle and the stance;

-summarises the whole news story;

- establishes the newsworthiness and the relevance for the readers

3.2 The Lead:

-first paragraph which is printed in bolder or larger type than the other paragraphs;

-repeats and expands information given in the headline by adding other Ws and in

particular When? and Where?;

-previews information contained in the rest of the story;

-it's generally preceded by dateline, location, name of reporter and source

3.3 The Distinctive Language of Headlines: The language of headlines can be very difficult

to understand for students but also for native-speakers because sometimes they presume

a high level of culture and education. Headlines-writers should avoid ambiguities but also

use sensational and unusual words. Metaphor, metonymy and alliteration are also

important devices.

3.4 Attention-Seeking Strategies: There are some strategies used to make a headline

memorable and effective:

-Omission